The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of devices able to connect, interact and exchange data without human intervention. Most of today’s research focuses on collecting indoor sensor data with the purpose of reducing costs of operation facilities management. Innovative approaches ranging from context aware sensing platforms to dynamic robot sensing have been proposed in previous research work, but the challenge remains on understanding how sensor data can be used to predict occupancy usage patterns in smart buildings. This research aims at developing a non-intrusive sensing method for gathering sensor data for predicting occupancy usage patterns in indoor environments. There are several potential applications ranging from that can benefit from occupancy prediction. Smart building management systems; establishing communication with the HVAC system when an accurate occupancy classification and prediction for optimization of energy consumption. Towards this end, an IoT platform based on an open source architecture consisting of Arduino and Raspberry Pi 3 B+ is designed and deployed in three different environments at two University campuses. By utilizing temperature and humidity for observing indoor environmental characteristics while combining PIR motion sensors, CO2, and sound detectors a robust occupancy detection model is created, and by applying Support Vector Machine, occupancy usage patterns are predicted. This IoT platform is a low-cost and highly scalable both in terms of the variety of on-board sensors and portability of the sensor nodes, which makes it well suited for multiple applications related to occupancy usage and environmental monitoring.
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