Browsing by Author "Gulliver, Adrienne"

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    Decomposition analysis of gender pay gaps among psychologists in Canada
    (University of New Brunswick, 2022-08) Gulliver, Adrienne; Gupta, Neeru; Balcom, Sarah
    Female healthcare practitioners worldwide face multiple gender-related challenges, including pay gaps. Early research on the Canadian psychologist workforce highlights differences in earnings between women and men, which may reflect undervaluing of female-dominated work like counselling and psychosocial support. However, much of the existing research on gender wage gaps to inform gender-responsive health workforce financing policy focuses on physicians and nurses, and timely evidence on the psychologist workforce is inadequate. This research evaluates and decomposes the gender pay gap among psychologists using the latest available national data. Microdata from the 2016 Canadian Population Census, accessed from the New Brunswick Research Data Centre, are analyzed with linear regression models and the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition method to evaluate wage differences by sex (male/female), traditional human capital measures (e.g., education, hours worked) and components of socially institutionalized gender roles (e.g., children in the household). A significant adjusted wage gap of 35% was found between male and female psychologists. After adjusting for both professional and personal characteristics, 33% of the gap remained unexplained. Among parents, a much wider gender wage gap of 49% was found, consistent with the Motherhood Earnings Penalty theoretical framework. The results highlight the need for greater focus on gender equity in the psychologist workforce, ultimately resulting in a better performing mental health services system.
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    Projected outcomes of an expanded role for pharmacy professionals in the provision of publicly funded immunization services in New Brunswick
    (New Brunswick Institute for Research, Data and Training, 2021-10) Folkins, Chris; Gorman-Asal, Madeleine; Magalhaes, Sandra; Brewster, Clark; Gulliver, Adrienne; Singh, Paramdeep; Foster, Rebecca; Miah, Pablo; Thomson, Emily; McDonald, Ted
    New Brunswick (NB) legislation permits pharmacy professionals (pharmacists, and as of 2021, registered pharmacy technicians) to administer a wide range of immunizations to their patients. Many vaccines in New Brunswick are publicly funded and available at no charge to patients when administered by a physician or nurse practitioner; however, the majority of these vaccines are not publicly funded when administered by pharmacy professionals, even though legislation permits their administration. Currently, only vaccines against influenza and COVID-19 are publicly funded when administered by pharmacy professionals in NB. This creates a scenario in which patients wishing to take advantage of the convenience and accessibility offered by pharmacy-based vaccination services must pay for most vaccinations (including drug costs and service administration fees) out of pocket – even when, in the case of publicly funded vaccines, these same vaccinations are available through a physician at no cost to the patient. This situation represents a barrier to accessible health services, particularly for NB residents who do not have access to a primary care provider, and a missed opportunity to take advantage of the full scope of practice of NB’s pharmacy professionals. By expanding the repertoire of publicly funded vaccinations that can be administered by pharmacy professionals, it is hypothesized that cost savings, improved health outcomes, and improved access to care could be realized in New Brunswick. The main objective of this study is to understand how expanding the number of publicly funded vaccines pharmacy professionals can administer would impact provincial spending, access to care, and health outcomes in New Brunswick.