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Item type:Item, Effects of boron nutrition, temperature, and moisture on growth traits of white and Norway spruce seedlings(University of New Brunswick, 2026-04) Grimm, Sandy; D’Orangeville, Loïc; Taylor, Anthony R.This study investigated the effects of foliar boron concentrations on growth characteristics of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), emphasizing interactions with temperature, moisture, and potential carry-over effects across growing seasons. Controlled growth chamber and greenhouse experiments assessed seedling growth, including preformed-shoot characteristics, and reflush responses. Low boron did not consistently induce deficiency symptoms in white spruce, whereas moisture stress strongly influenced seedling growth and exerted legacy effects in the following season. Under high boron, morphological growth traits (root dry weight and root collar diameter) were affected only when foliar concentration exceeded 825 ppm, while needle discoloration and terminal bud anomalies occurred at levels below 100 ppm. Norway spruce exhibited greater sensitivity than white spruce, with toxicity observed at foliar concentrations below currently accepted thresholds. Overall, the findings underscore species-specific boron responses and the need to refine nursery nutrient and water management practices.Item type:Item, Quantitative MR/MRI in porous media with a variable field magnet(University of New Brunswick, 2026-04) Rajeev, Rheya; Romero de Zerón, Laura; Balcom, Bruce J.Quantitative characterization of fluids and fluid transport within reservoir core plugs is integral for Special Core Analysis (SCAL) and petrophysical interpretation for reservoir evaluation in the petroleum industry. Magnetic Resonance (MR) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are non-invasive, non-destructive analytical techniques uniquely well suited to quantifying fluid behavior in porous media. This thesis develops quantitative MRI methods for core plugs, compares MRI derived porosity with conventional porosity measurements and introduces a multinuclear MR approach for SCAL applications. Quantitative 23Na MRI tracer measurements were employed to evaluate transport in porous media, while 23Na MR relaxation lifetime measurements on brine saturated core plugs were used to evaluate information beyond a tracer measurement. This thesis utilizes a purpose-built variable field superconducting magnet, that offers advanced measurement capabilities that will be valuable to industry professionals and academic researchers. Investigation of magnetic susceptibility mismatch and B0 effects on MR relaxation lifetimes and image quantification in core plugs indicate that quantitative imaging of fluid content is limited by multi-exponential T2 relaxation lifetimes in porous media. 3D Centric Scan SPRITE MRI measurements were more straightforward compared to 3D FSE MRI measurements and provided a more reliable quantitative imaging. Multinuclear measurements were employed to measure 1H, 13C, and 23Na, maintaining a constant Larmor frequency, while varying B0. The results demonstrated that when the product 𝛾B0 is constant, both T2* and T2 effects due to diffusion through internal field gradients are constant. The finding challenges the conventional notion that increasing B0 to accommodate lower 𝛾 nuclei complicates MR measurements. 23Na MR/MRI studies offer new insight for petrophysical studies. 23Na MRI was used as a quantitative tracer technique to study solute transport in brine saturated core plugs. Spatially resolved profiles reveal heterogeneities and dispersion behaviour that are not captured by conventional breakthrough curves. A systematic investigation of 23Na relaxation lifetimes in brine saturated sandstones under controlled wettability and saturation conditions was undertaken. 23Na MR relaxation lifetimes showed no dependence on wettability but varied with saturation state and lithology.Item type:Item, From aid to atrocity: U.S. foreign policy and covert operations in Indonesia, 1949-1966.(University of New Brunswick, 2026-03) Garlie, Bradley; Corke, Sarah-JaneAmid the Cold War, the United States engaged in long-term covert programs designed to shift Indonesia into its sphere of influence. Between 1949 and 1966, the United States developed the Indonesian Army and Police Mobile Brigade, which would go on to carry out the 1965–1966 genocide that brought these groups to power. Although the Truman administration initiated the long-term project, each successive administration expanded it by funneling more arms, money, and training to the Indonesian security forces. These forces served as Washington’s bulwark against the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI), the largest communist party outside of the Soviet Union and China. Drawing on recently declassified documents this thesis demonstrates how a sustained aid program contributed to the rise of a three-decade-long anti-communist regime; its legitimacy built upon the destruction of the PKI. Through an examination of these long-term covert action projects, this study provides new insights into the origins of the Indonesian Genocide and U.S. Cold War strategy in Southeast Asia; one rooted in interventionism and Cold War anxieties.Item type:Item, Silent struggles: Healthcare access by precarious migrants working in Alberta under the Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP)(University of New Brunswick, 2026-03) Mahmood, Zainab Nabil; Dafnos, TiaThis study examines the migration and legal status trajectories of precarious migrant workers under Canada’s Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP) in Alberta, focusing on barriers to accessing healthcare services. Drawing on the Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) framework and surveillance concepts of social sorting and surveillant assemblage, I examine how employer control, state policies, and service-provider practices shape migrants’ access to care and other essential services. Using 40 semi-structured interviews with migrant workers and key informants, alongside document analysis, the research shows that closed work permits, bureaucratic requirements, and racialised gatekeeping systematically restrict healthcare access, leaving many workers uninsured, misinformed, and afraid to seek care. This study argues that such barriers are not incidental flaws, but structural features of the TFWP designed to extract labour while denying rights and protections. I conclude with the recommendations of migrant workers and key informants, calling for the dismantling of the TFWP and its replacement with a rights-based, status-for-all program that ensures open work permits, universal access to healthcare, and recognition of migrant workers’ dignity and agency.Item type:Item, Come find your island: The ‘Atlantic Bubble’ as Atlantic Canada’s ‘covid-archipelago’ response to the Covid-19 pandemic(University of New Brunswick, 2026-03) Halliday, Andrew; Lewis, J.P.At the subnational level and independent of the national government, the four Canadian provinces of Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and New Brunswick created the ’Atlantic Bubble’ from July 3, 2020, to November 23, 2020, approximately 40% of the 2020 calendar year. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the phenomenon of jurisdictions coupling into ‘travel/quarantine bubbles’ with imposed hard borders occurred, but primarily at the state-state level such as the ’Trans-Tasman Bubble’ involving New Zealand and Australia (Government of New Zealand, 2021), and the ’Baltic Bubble’ of Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia (BBC News, 2020). This doctoral project employs the descriptive and explanatory powers of two policy process theories, 1) multiple streams framework (Kingdon 1984, 1995) and 2) the concept of policy learning (Deutsch,1966; Heclo, 1974; May, 1993; Hall, 1988, 1993) in seeking to understand what became known at the 'Atlantic Bubble'. Further, the conceptualizations of covid as complex intergovernmental problem (Paquet and Schertzer, 2020) and crisis governance are employed to situate this intergovernmental policy cooperation in its’ social context. This project also engaged in theory-building to propose new conceptual island constructs of 'covid-islands’ & ‘covid-archipelagos' as frames of inquiry (Halliday, 2025). Data was generated through semi-structured interviews with key policy actors, as well as via publicly available grey literature and primary source media coverage. The analysis finds that the Atlantic Bubble was a socio-spatial island imaginary policy construct amongst the four Atlantic Canadian subnational provincial governments. The ideation and efforts to place it on the regional, intergovernmental policy agenda were led by PEI Premier King as a policy entrepreneur, and represented a uniform, yet nuanced, collaborative implementation, grounded in policy learning. These efforts were supported by the utilization of the Council of Atlantic Premiers – a permanent, regional intergovernmental institution as a policy venue. This project contributes to a better understanding of the dynamics of policy responses to the COVID pandemic from a Canadian subnational and regional perspective, while investigating policy change across respective subnational jurisdictions. It informs our theoretical understanding of islandness and policy change by introducing a focus on new imagined island and archipelagic constructs hitherto lacking.
