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UNB Scholar is an institutional repository initiative of UNB Libraries intended to collect, preserve, showcase, and promote the open access scholarly output of the UNB community. Use UNB Scholar to explore specific collections, or search all content in the repository. Material submitted to the repository will also be freely discoverable online through Google and other major search engines.

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    Summary Report: Feasibility Study on Health Outcomes for Women and Diverse Members in the Canadian Armed Forces
    (DataNB, 2026-11-05) Magalhaes, Sandra; Campbell, Sarah A.; Curtis Maillet, Donna; Edwards, Rosann; Gibson, Kirstian; Mau, Kianna; McDonald, Ted; Read, Emily; Russell, Jennifer; Wolfson, Christina
    Women and diverse Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) members and Veterans experience health inequities shaped by interconnected physical, mental, social, cultural, and organizational factors. Understanding healthcare utilization (HCU) and outcomes across the military life course is essential for addressing these inequities, yet longitudinal monitoring remains limited due to fragmented datasets and inconsistent collection of military and diversity identifiers. This report represents the culmination of a three-phase study assessing the feasibility of developing a longitudinal health research and monitoring platform to support evidence-informed health policy and programs for underrepresented military groups. Using an environmental scan framework, this study assessed feasibility through three phases: a rapid scoping review of federal and provincial/territorial datasets; semi structured interviews with data custodians, policy experts, researchers, and privacy officers; and virtual focus groups with women and diverse CAF members, Veterans, and healthcare providers. Qualitative data were analyzed using a hybrid thematic and framework approach, and findings were assessed using adapted FAIR and CARE principles. Results indicate strong interest in a platform among researchers, experts, and diverse CAF communities. While technically and methodologically feasible, development requires governance alignment, sustained collaboration, and an inclusive culture. Barriers relate primarily to integration, governance, and trust rather than data availability. The study proposes three recommendations to guide phased implementation and strengthen equitable, responsible military and Veteran population health surveillance in Canada.
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    Feasibility study on health outcomes for women and diverse members in the Canadian Armed Forces: Final report
    (DataNB, 2026-11-05) Magalhaes, Sandra; Campbell, Sarah A.; Curtis Maillet, Donna; Edwards, Rosann; Gibson, Kirstian; Mau, Kianna; McDonald, Ted; Read, Emily; Russell, Jennifer; Wolfson, Christina
    Women and diverse Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) members and Veterans experience health inequities shaped by interconnected physical, mental, social, cultural, and organizational factors. Understanding healthcare utilization (HCU) and outcomes across the military life course is essential for addressing these inequities, yet longitudinal monitoring remains limited due to fragmented datasets and inconsistent collection of military and diversity identifiers. This report represents the culmination of a three-phase study assessing the feasibility of developing a longitudinal health research and monitoring platform to support evidence-informed health policy and programs for underrepresented military groups. Using an environmental scan framework, this study assessed feasibility through three phases: a rapid scoping review of federal and provincial/territorial datasets; semi structured interviews with data custodians, policy experts, researchers, and privacy officers; and virtual focus groups with women and diverse CAF members, Veterans, and healthcare providers. Qualitative data were analyzed using a hybrid thematic and framework approach, and findings were assessed using adapted FAIR and CARE principles. Results indicate strong interest in a platform among researchers, experts, and diverse CAF communities. While technically and methodologically feasible, development requires governance alignment, sustained collaboration, and an inclusive culture. Barriers relate primarily to integration, governance, and trust rather than data availability. The study proposes three recommendations to guide phased implementation and strengthen equitable, responsible military and Veteran population health surveillance in Canada.
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    Exploring the feasibility of a health research and monitoring platform for women and diverse Canadian Armed Forces members and veterans: A qualitative study of knowledge holders’ perspectives
    (DataNB, 2026-11-05) Magalhaes, Sandra; Campbell, Sarah A.; Curtis Maillet, Donna; Edwards, Rosann; Gibson, Kirstian; Mau, Kianna; McDonald, Ted; Read, Emily; Russell, Jennifer; Wolfson, Christina
    Women and diverse Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) members and Veterans experience distinct occupational exposures and stressors that can shape their physical and mental health. Despite increasing diversity within the CAF, these groups remain underrepresented in military and population health research, and fragmented datasets and inconsistent collection of military and diversity identifiers continue to limit longitudinal monitoring. This report represents the second and third phases of a three phase study assessing the feasibility of developing a longitudinal health research and monitoring platform to support evidence informed health policy and programs for underrepresented military populations. In these phases, qualitative inquiry was used to explore the perspectives of key informants and interest holders on developing a platform to monitor health outcomes and healthcare utilization among diverse military populations. Fifteen key informants were interviewed one on one, and 17 interest holders participated across six focus groups. Using a hybrid thematic and framework analysis, perspectives were examined across five feasibility themes: governance, data landscape, operational feasibility, technical feasibility, and culture and trust. Findings indicate that a platform would be attainable if transparency and patient centredness are prioritized. Distrust emerged as the most significant barrier, shaped by concerns about social and occupational repercussions, data security, and past experiences of data misuse. Authentic collaboration across data environments and with women and diverse CAF communities was identified as essential for successful platform development.
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    Inventory of population-based data sources to support observational health research of diverse military and veteran populations: A scoping review
    (DataNB, 2026-11-05) Magalhaes, Sandra; Campbell, Sarah A.; Curtis Maillet, Donna; Edwards, Rosann; Gibson, Kirstian; Mau, Kianna; McDonald, Ted; Read, Emily; Russell, Jennifer; Wolfson, Christina
    As Canada’s military and Veteran populations become increasingly diverse, there is a growing need for evidence that reflects the health experiences of women, gender-diverse individuals, 2SLGBTQIA+ communities, Indigenous Peoples, racialized groups, and other equity-deserving populations. However, population-based health monitoring remains constrained by fragmented data systems, inconsistent identification of military-connected individuals, and limited collection of diversity-related variables. This report represents the first phase of a three-phase study assessing the feasibility of developing a longitudinal health research and monitoring platform to support equitable, evidence-informed policy and planning for service delivery for diverse military and Veteran populations. In this first phase, a rapid scoping review was conducted to identify Canadian healthcare utilization, administrative, and survey datasets containing military, Veteran, health, or diversity-related information. Evidence was gathered from academic databases, government publications, dataset inventories, and data custodian websites. Data were extracted on dataset characteristics, custodians, accessibility, military and diversity identifiers, and linkage potential, and evaluated using the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) principles of data management. While Canada possesses substantial data assets capable of supporting population-based military and Veteran health research, fragmentation, limited interoperability, and gaps in diversity-related identifiers constrain longitudinal surveillance. Findings indicate that existing data infrastructure provides a strong foundation for a future research and monitoring platform, but improvements in linkage pathways, identifier harmonization, and data governance will be required.
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    Phase transformation behavior of microalloyed medium-manganese steels
    (University of New Brunswick, 2026-08) Zvavamwe, Felisters; Aranas Jr, Clodualdo
    Medium-manganese (medium-Mn) steels are promising candidates for advanced high-strength steel (AHSS) applications due to their ability to achieve an exceptional combination of strength and ductility through transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) and twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) mechanisms. However, the fundamental understanding of how microalloying influences phase transformation behavior, microstructural evolution, and mechanical response remains limited, particularly regarding solute partitioning, precipitation, and grain boundary phenomena. Therefore, this work systematically investigates the role of microalloying in medium-Mn steels, with particular emphasis on vanadium (V) and molybdenum (Mo) additions. A series of steels were produced through laboratory-scale casting with controlled compositional variations (0-2 wt.% V and selected Mo additions). The experimental program combined scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), mechanical testing, and thermodynamic calculations to evaluate phase constitution, crystallographic characteristics, mechanical response, phase stability, and solute partitioning behavior. Following casting, vanadium microalloying significantly influenced microsegregation, prior austenite grain structure, and phase constitution. Increasing vanadium content promoted grain refinement and altered retained austenite distribution through solute partitioning and carbide formation. During intercritical annealing, austenite reversion was governed by the interplay among thermodynamic driving forces, diffusion kinetics, and precipitation behavior. Austenite nucleation occurred preferentially at high-angle grain boundaries due to enhanced solute segregation, while growth was controlled by grain boundary, dislocation (pipe), and bulk manganese diffusion. Vanadium carbide formation reduced carbon availability, increasing the nucleation barrier and decreasing density of active nucleation sites. Significant δ-ferrite formation was observed at high vanadium additions. The retention of δ-ferrite was found to be influenced not only by vanadium content but also by solidification conditions and segregation behavior. Furthermore, δ-ferrite constrained martensitic transformation, resulting in variant selection. Building upon these findings, molybdenum microalloying was explored as a preliminary investigation for future work. Molybdenum delayed martensitic transformation, refined prior austenite grains, reduced microstructural banding, and promoted a more uniform retained austenite distribution. In summary, this work provides fundamental insights into the effects of vanadium and molybdenum microalloying on phase transformation behavior in medium-Mn steels through solute partitioning, diffusion, and precipitation phenomena.

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