Browsing by Author "Monk, Wendy A."
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Item Considering Fish as Recipients of Ecosystem Services Provides a Framework to Formally Link Baseline, Development, and Post-operational Monitoring Programs and Improve Aquatic Impact Assessments for Large Scale Developments(Springer, 2022-05-21) Brown, Carolyn J. M.; Curry, R. Allen; Gray, Michelle A.; Lento, Jennifer; MacLatchy, Deborah L.; Monk, Wendy A.; Pavey, Scott A.; St-Hilaire, André; Wegscheider, Bernhard; Munkittrick, Kelly R.In most countries, major development projects must satisfy an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process that considers positive and negative aspects to determine if it meets environmental standards and appropriately mitigates or offsets negative impacts on the values being considered. The benefits of before-after-control-impact monitoring designs have been widely known for more than 30 years, but most development assessments fail to effectively link pre- and post-development monitoring in a meaningful way. Fish are a common component of EIA evaluation for both socioeconomic and scientific reasons. The Ecosystem Services (ES) concept was developed to describe the ecosystem attributes that benefit humans, and it offers the opportunity to develop a framework for EIA that is centred around the needs of and benefits from fish. Focusing an environmental monitoring framework on the critical needs of fish could serve to better align risk, development, and monitoring assessment processes. We define the ES that fish provide in the context of two common ES frameworks. To allow for linkages between environmental assessment and the ES concept, we describe critical ecosystem functions from a fish perspective to highlight potential monitoring targets that relate to fish abundance, diversity, health, and habitat. Finally, we suggest how this framing of a monitoring process can be used to better align aquatic monitoring programs across pre-development, development, and post-operational monitoring programs.Item Mactaquac Aquatic Ecosystem Study Report Series 2015-001, Contract Deliverable 3.1.1.1 – Interim Report on the Predicted Hydrological Regime: Future Discharge at Fredericton (Station 01AK003)(2015) Curry, R. Allen; St-Hilaire, André; Dugdale, Stephen; Monk, Wendy A.Item Mactaquac Aquatic Ecosystem Study Report Series 2015-006, METHODS PAPER: Downstream Bathymetry and BioBase Analyses of Substrate and Macrophytes(Canadian Rivers Institute, 2015) Wallace, Ben; Ogilvie, Jae; Monk, Wendy A.Item Mactaquac Aquatic Ecosystem Study Report Series 2015-027, Contract Deliverable 3.1.1.1 – Developing environmental flows for Wolastoq / Saint John River / Fleuve Saint-Jean, Summary report Workshop 1: Data resources, critical habitats, and target taxa(Canadian Rivers Institute, 2015) Monk, Wendy A.; Curry, R. AllenItem Mactaquac Aquatic Ecosystem Study Report Series 2016-025, Contract Deliverable 3.1.1.1 – Developing environmental flows for Wolastoq / Saint John River / Fleuve Saint-Jean, Summary report Workshop 2: Developing flow-ecology hypotheses(Canadian Rivers Institute, 2016) Armanini, David G.; Idígoras Chaumel, Almudena; Demartini, Daniele; Monk, Wendy A.; Curry, R. AllenItem The effects of taxonomy, diet, and ecology on the microbiota of riverine macroinvertebrates(Wiley Open Access, 2020-12-29) Kroetsch, Shawn A.; Kidd, Karen A.; Monk, Wendy A.; Culp, Joseph M.; Compson, Zacchaeus G.; Pavey, Scott A.Freshwater macroinvertebrates play key ecological roles in riverine food webs, such as the transfer of nutrients to consumers and decomposition of organic matter. Although local habitat quality drives macroinvertebrate diversity and abundance, little is known about their microbiota. In most animals, the microbiota provides benefits, such as increasing the rate at which nutrients are metabolized, facilitating immune system development, and defending against pathogenic attack. Our objectives were to identify the bacteria within aquatic invertebrates and determine whether their composition varied with taxonomy, habitat, diet, and time of sample collection. In 2016 and 2017, we collected 264 aquatic invertebrates from the mainstem Saint John (Wolastoq) River in New Brunswick, Canada, representing 15 orders. We then amplified the V3-V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene within each individual, which revealed nearly 20,000 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The microbiota across all aquatic invertebrates were dominated by Proteobacteria (69.25% of the total sequence reads), but they differed significantly in beta diversity, both among host invertebrate taxa (genus-, family-, and order-levels) and temporally. In contrast to previous work, we observed no microbiota differences among functional feeding groups or traditional feeding habits, and neither water velocity nor microhabitat type structured microbiota variability. Our findings suggest that host invertebrate taxonomy was the most important factor in modulating the composition of the microbiota, likely through a combination of vertical and horizontal bacterial transmission, and evolutionary processes. This is one of the most comprehensive studies of freshwater invertebrate microbiota to date, and it underscores the need for future studies of invertebrate microbiota evolution and linkages to environmental bacteria and physico-chemical conditions.