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UNB Scholar is an institutional repository initiative of UNB Libraries intended to collect, preserve, showcase, and promote the open access scholarly output of the UNB community. Use UNB Scholar to explore specific collections, or search all content in the repository. Material submitted to the repository will also be freely discoverable online through Google and other major search engines.
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Recent Submissions
Comparison of the environmental monitoring systems for protected areas of Canada and the European Union
(University of New Brunswick, 2024-10) Preuss, Ina Maite; Forbes, Graham; Sitzia, Tommaso
The global challenges of climate change and declining biodiversity have prompted many countries to develop nature protection strategies, collaborate in international organizations, and set common thresholds and goals. To measure the success of these efforts, effective monitoring systems are essential, but integrating data from different monitoring systems can be challenging. Canada and the European Union have developed advanced monitoring systems under varying circumstances. Both countries joined the Global Biodiversity Framework. To assess and compare these systems and their data, all parties must agree on basic standards. The individuals responsible for operating these systems play a crucial role in ensuring data completeness. Their work must be evaluated based on its complexity, adaptability, and comparability. This thesis compares the monitoring systems at three levels of governmental structure, assessing them against fundamental criteria with the aim of identifying overlapping areas and proposing enhancements. A unified approach could significantly enhance global biodiversity monitoring efforts.
Symmetric integer linear programming with a core point approach
(University of New Brunswick, 2024-11) Banihashemi, Seyyedemahsa; Bremner, David
This thesis explains the implementation of two existing algorithms, to solve symmetric integer linear programs (ILPs), using PyScipOpt, a Python interface to the SCIP optimization software. The existing approach focuses on a special feature of circulant matrices to develop new constraints for solving these problems, based on core points, a subset of integral points in symmetric ILPs. We made some modifications to the algorithms. This was achieved by constructing and utilizing essential sets more effectively, calculating the value of big M, and modifying constraints when the matrix is singular. Additionally, we used the two algorithms to compare the outcomes for problems solved by Knitro with those same problems solved using SCIP. We test the algorithms with both feasible and infeasible instances, varying in the number of variables. Moreover, we tested infeasible ILP problems with different polytope shapes, using Algorithm 2, CPLEX, and SCIP to compare the performance of these three solvers.
A centralized voltage control strategy to mitigate effects of highly intermittent PV generation in distribution network
(University of New Brunswick, 2024-11) Khan, Zahid Ali; Diduch, Chris P.; Cardenas, Julian L.
High penetration of photovoltaics in distribution networks creates voltage regulation problems. The local volt-watt and volt-var control of PVIs are capable of voltage regulation however, their uniform control curves lead to unfair utilization of active and reactive power in voltage stability. This unfairness in active and reactive power minimizes the total active power injection into the grid. This research considered a centralized optimization algorithm in an attempt to reduce the unfairness in utilization of active and reactive power in voltage stability. An optimization algorithm is run to set the PVI volt-watt and volt-var control curves setpoints to minimize the unfairness with the objective of prioritizing reactive power capabilities and maximizing active power injection in distribution networks. Test results indicate that the centralized strategy successfully reduces the unfairness in utilization of available resources as well as maximizes the total active power injected into the system.
Stability and bifurcation analysis of three species in Yellowstone Park consisting of prey, predator and competitor and the effects of predator reduction on living species in the ecosystem
(University of New Brunswick, 2024-11) Tamjidi, Larisa; Watmough, James
The interactions among wolves, deer, and beavers in Yellowstone National Park demonstrate intricate dynamics with implications for population growth and decline. By applying bifurcation theory, we analyze how subtle environmental or population changes can significantly impact ecosystem stability. Wolves, as apex predators, influence deer populations, which, in turn, affect the behaviour and habitat of beavers. Understanding these complex interconnections is crucial for effective ecosystem management and conservation. Through mathematical biology and bifurcation analysis, we gain insights into the coexistence and mutual influence of different species in natural environments. This research sheds light on the intricate relationships that shape ecological communities, emphasizing the importance of studying predator-prey and competitor interactions to comprehend and protect these ecosystems.
Nursing shortages and quality of care: The perspectives of New Brunswick registered nurses
(University of New Brunswick, 2024-11) Moulaisson, Jennifer; O'Donnell, Sue
New Brunswick (NB) is facing an unprecedented nursing shortage, which has raised paramount concerns regarding its impact on registered nurses (RNs), the quality of care they deliver, and their overall retention within the healthcare system. However, existing literature surrounding this domain remains limited, highlighting the need for further investigation. This grounded theory study explores the experiences of eight RNs in NB hospitals, focusing on how they navigate delivering quality care in the context of the current nursing shortage. Through in-depth, semi-structured interviews and grounded theory analysis, the study develops a middle-range theory, defining nursing shortage and quality care from RNs’ perspectives. Findings highlight facilitators, barriers, and strategies for quality care, offering insights to improve RN well-being and patient care quality in NB hospitals. This research informs strategies that can strengthen the well-being of the nursing workforce and elevate the quality of care provided in NB hospitals.