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UNB Scholar is an institutional repository initiative of UNB Libraries intended to collect, preserve, showcase, and promote the open access scholarly output of the UNB community. Use UNB Scholar to explore specific collections, or search all content in the repository. Material submitted to the repository will also be freely discoverable online through Google and other major search engines.
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Recent Submissions
An investigation of brain drain/gain in Atlantic Canada (2011-21) using a revised index and probit model
(University of New Brunswick, 2024-08) Iqbal, Nabeel; Solati, Fariba; Chowdhury, Murshed
Brain drain or gain, through changes in the stock of human capital, can affect the productivity and economic growth of a region. However, precisely determining whether a province inside a country has experienced brain drain or gain during a period can be challenging since it depends on the net flow, both inflow and outflow, of skilled workers. This study utilizes a revised Brain Drain/Gain Index (BGDI*) to investigate brain drain/gain in Atlantic provinces and compare their situation to other provinces in Canada. The BGDI*s, calculated using the Canadian National Household Survey (2011), Census 2016 and 2021, and Postsecondary Student Information System (PSIS) data, indicate that most of the Atlantic provinces experienced brain drain during 2011-16 and brain gain during 2016-21. Estimation from a probit model reveals that recent immigrants, more educated individuals, higher income groups, and ethnic minorities have a higher tendency to move out of the Atlantic provinces.
Geometric foundations for classical U(1)-gauge theory on noncommutative manifolds
(Springer, 2024-08-22) Ćaćić, Branimir
We systematically extend the elementary differential and Riemannian geometry of classical U(1)-gauge theory to the noncommutative setting by combining recent advances in noncommutative Riemannian geometry with the theory of coherent 2-groups. We show that Hermitian line bimodules with Hermitian bimodule connection over a unital pre-C∗-algebra with ∗-exterior algebra form a coherent 2-group, and we prove that weak monoidal functors between coherent 2-groups canonically define bar or involutive monoidal functors in the sense of Beggs–Majid and Egger, respectively. Using this, we prove that a suitable Hermitian line bimodule with Hermitian bimodule connection yields an essentially unique differentiable quantum principal U(1)-bundle with principal connection and vice versa; here, U(1) is q-deformed for q a numerical invariant of the bimodule connection. Finally, we formulate and solve the interrelated lifting problems for noncommutative Riemannian structure in terms of abstract Hodge star operators and formal spectral triples, respectively; all the while, we account precisely for emergent modular phenomena. Thus, the spin Dirac spectral triple on quantum CP1 does not lift to a non-pathological twisted spectral triple on 3-dimensional quantum SU(2), but its formal lift nonetheless induces Kaad–Kyed’s compact quantum metric space on quantum SU(2) for a canonical choice of parameters
Understanding newcomers’ experience in accessing healthcare services for their children upon arriving in Canada.
(University of New Brunswick, 2024-08) Igogo, Faith; Vaghri, Ziba; Gander, Sarah
Access to healthcare services is a core human rights of children under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). The CRC obligates governments to fulfill all articulated rights for all children including newcomers to Canada. This qualitative study recruited newcomer mothers to New Brunswick, Canada and used semi-structured interviews to understand their experience in accessing healthcare services for their children. Results were categorized into 5 themes with several subthemes; 1. Access to Healthcare; 2. Health Status and Experiences; 3. Comparison and Gaps in the Healthcare system; 4. Support Services and Policy Changes and 5. Miscellaneous Mentions.
Analysis of the collected data reveals that the current healthcare systems of the province may benefit from some adjustments based on the needs of its newcomers. Such improvements will not only meet the varied health needs of the newcomer families, but they will also safeguard their development and wellbeing.
An OpenMC model for the analysis of a 100 MWe sodium fast reactor with gas expansion modules for additional passive safety
(University of New Brunswick, 2024-08) Hartery, Noah; Cook, William
Sodium fast reactors (SFR) have a rich history in North America and are still prevalent in advanced reactor designs such as the ARC-100, a Canadian design planned for construction at Point Lepreau, New Brunswick. A 100 MWe SFR was modeled in OpenMC to investigate the incorporation of gas expansion modules (GEMs) for additional passive safety and potential for medical isotope production. It was found that 12 GEM assemblies located on the periphery of the core introduce -4.8 ± 0.06 mk of reactivity, equivalent to -75 ± 1 cents. The fuel temperature coefficient of reactivity was found to be -0.022 ± 0.003 mk⋅K -1, while the coolant and structural materials do not noticeably influence reactivity. As expected, decreases in assembly and pin diameters increase reactivity by increasing power density. The passive safety characteristics of sodium fast reactors were affirmed, and GEMs were shown to be an effective mechanism for introducing negative reactivity.
Assessing the landscape drivers of cold-water temperatures at tributary confluence plumes: A multi-spatial analysis
(University of New Brunswick, 2024-08) Green, Hannah S.; Sacobie, Charles; Ogilvie, Jae
The impact of climate change and human disturbances affects the thermal regime of rivers, increasing the need for conservation of thermal refuges. Tributary confluence plumes are a classification of thermal refuges on the Restigouche River watershed. The objectives of this thesis were to use landscape attributes to predict water temperatures at tributary confluence plumes at two spatial scales (global and reach-specific) and identify how landscape drivers vary at the sub-catchment. Model 3D explored three variables, and a second model (12D) included the addition of nine other variables. We increased global variability explained between model 3D (R2 = 0.07) and model 12D (R2= 0.88). We classified reach-scale models under three categories of high relative importance: bedrock, climate and canopy cover. We recommend that the Kedgwick (canopy), Restigouche and Upsalquitch Southeast (climate) tributaries be of high priority for protection, while continuing exploration into the effects of geomorphology on the watershed.