New Brunswick Institute for Research, Data and Training

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https://unbscholar.lib.unb.ca/handle/1882/37730

The New Brunswick Institute for Research, Data and Training (NB-IRDT) is a leading research institute at the University of New Brunswick with several locations throughout the province. NB-IRDT transforms provincial data into actionable insights to inform public policy, enhance community well-being, and drive prosperity. Leveraging comprehensive data sets across health, education, social sciences, and other sectors, NB-IRDT collaborates with government agencies, academic institutions, and industry leaders to create impactful research that contributes to effective public policies and societal improvement.

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Breathe: A cost-effectiveness evaluation of breath-based lung cancer screenings
(New Brunswick Institute for Research, Data and Training, 2022-09) Emery, Herb; Cameron, Jillian; Dutton, Daniel J.; Singh, Paramdeep; Chan, Alvin; McDonald, Ted
Current incidence rates of lung cancer in the United States show that per 100,000 population, lung cancer will occur in 49 women and 60 men. Nearly half a million individuals in the United States were diagnosed with lung cancer between 2013 and 2017, and Canadian prevalence rates are similar: nearly 30,000 people are diagnosed with lung cancer each year. Mortality due to lung cancer is significant as well: approximately 130,000 people in the US and 21,000 people in Canada die annually due to lung cancer. Costs for treatment are also substantial, totaling about $2 billion per year in Canada, or approximately $70,000 per case. The high cost per case of cancer arises from many factors, central among them the advanced stage at diagnosis of many tumors leading to expensive therapies and treatments, costs for formal and informal caregivers, and life-years lost. The incidence and high mortality and costs associated with lung cancer show that lowering both the percentage of people receiving lung cancer diagnoses and the costs of treating lung cancer are important issues for our healthcare systems.
Caractérisation de la population francophone de la région du Grand Saint John (2015- 2020)
(l’Institut de recherche, de données et de formation du Nouveau-Brunswick de l’Université du Nouveau-Brunswick, 2023-02) McDonald, Ted; Balzer, Andy; Cameron, Jillian; Mokhtar, Rawia
Le bilinguisme rend la province du Nouveau-Brunswick (N.-B.) unique au sein du Canada, de par sa forte diversité linguistique et son incroyable richesse culturelle. Cependant, comme le Nouveau-Brunswick est la seule province officiellement bilingue du Canada, certains segments de sa population sont confrontés à des obstacles linguistiques. Par exemple, il n’y a que peu d’information sur la taille de la communauté francophone dont les membres préféreraient un service en français dans les régions à majorité anglophone. Sans cette information, il est, toutefois, impossible de représenter précisément la demande potentielle de services sociaux et de soins de santé en français et de trouver le moyen de répondre à cette demande le plus efficacement possible. Dans ce rapport, nous tentons de remédier aux obstacles linguistiques, particulièrement dans la région du Grand Saint John1 en élaborant un profil de la population francophone de cette région. Pour combler cette lacune au niveau des connaissances et éclairer les discussions sur les obstacles linguistiques au N.-B., les auteurs de ce rapport exposent une analyse de la mesure dans laquelle les services de santé, entre autres services d’aide, peuvent être offerts en français dans les régions à majorité anglophone de la province. Parmi les aspects visés, mentionnons l’état de santé des résidents, l’usage des services de santé, la réception des services sociaux, la composition des ménages et le profil socio-économique du quartier. Nous examinons comment ces aspects ont changé au fil du temps et nous les comparons à celles des Néo-Brunswickois francophones et anglophones qui vivent dans une communauté urbaine majoritairement francophone et des résidents anglophones qui vivent dans la RGSJ, à Moncton et dans le reste du N.-B.2 Étant donné qu’à ce jour, la seule information sur la préférence linguistique que l’on trouve dans les données administratives du N.-B. est tirée des dossiers du système de l’assurance-maladie de la province, il y a des raisons de croire que l’on sous-estime peut-être la préférence linguistique réelle concernant les services de santé. C’est pourquoi nous envisageons des ajustements en fonction des résultats sur les connaissances linguistiques régionales indiqués dans le recensement canadien de 2016.
Characterizing The Francophone Population in Greater Saint John (2015-2020)
(New Brunswick Institute for Research, Data and Training, 2023-02) McDonald, Ted; Balzer, Andy; Cameron, Jillian; Mokhtar, Rawia
Bilingualism makes the province of New Brunswick (NB) unique within Canada, bringing with it a high level of linguistic diversity and cultural enrichment. However, as Canada’s only officially bilingual province, NB also faces issues of language barriers affecting segments of its population. For instance, there is limited information about the size of the Francophone community that would prefer service in French in majority Anglophone areas. Without this information, it is impossible to accurately represent the potential demand for French-language health and social services and how to meet that demand most efficiently. In this report, we attempt to address language barriers specifically in the Greater Saint John (GSJ) region by constructing a population profile of the Francophone population of GSJ. To fill this knowledge gap and to inform discussions of language barriers in NB, this report supports an analysis of the extent to which health and other support services might be provided in French in majority-Anglophone areas of the province. Measures of interest include residents’ health status, health service use, social services receipt, household composition, and neighbourhood socioeconomic profile. We consider how these measures have changed over time and how they compare for Francophone and Anglophone New Brunswickers living in urban majority-French communities, as well as Anglophone residents living GSJ, Moncton, and the Rest of NB. To date, the only information on language preference in NB administrative data is based on records in the province’s Medicare system, and there is reason to believe this might underestimate actual language preference for health services. As such, we consider adjustments based on measures of area-level language fluency as reported in the 2016 Canadian Census.
Comparison of socio-economic determinants of COVID-19 testing and positivity in Canada: A multi-provincial analysis
(PLOS, 2023-08-23) Antonova, Lilia; Somayaji, Chandy; Cameron, Jillian; Sirski, Monica; Sundaram, Maria E.; McDonald, James Ted; Mishra, Sharmistha; Kwong, Jeffrey C.; Katz, Alan; Baral, Stefan; Caulley, Lisa; Calzavara, Andrew; Corsten, Martin; Johnson-Obaseki, Stephanie
The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have been more pronounced for socially disadvantaged populations. We sought to determine how access to SARS-CoV-2 testing and the likelihood of testing positive for COVID-19 were associated with demographic factors, socioeconomic status (SES) and social determinants of health (SDH) in three Canadian provinces.
Rapport récapitulatif: Caractérisation de la population francophone de la région du Grand Saint John (2015- 2020)
(l’Institut de recherche, de données et de formation du Nouveau-Brunswick, 2023-02) McDonald, Ted; Balzer, Andy; Cameron, Jillian; Mokhtar, Rawia
Le bilinguisme rend la province du Nouveau-Brunswick (N.-B.) unique au sein du Canada, de par sa forte diversité linguistique et son incroyable richesse culturelle. Cependant, comme le Nouveau-Brunswick est la seule province officiellement bilingue du Canada, certains segments de sa population sont confrontés à des obstacles linguistiques. Par exemple, il n’y a que peu d’information sur la taille de la communauté francophone dont les membres préféreraient un service en français dans les régions à majorité anglophone. Sans cette information, il est, toutefois, impossible de représenter précisément la demande potentielle de services sociaux et de soins de santé en français et de trouver le moyen de répondre à cette demande le plus efficacement possible. Dans ce rapport, nous tentons de remédier aux obstacles linguistiques, particulièrement dans la région du Grand Saint John1 en élaborant un profil de la population francophone de cette région. Pour combler cette lacune au niveau des connaissances et éclairer les discussions sur les obstacles linguistiques au N.-B., les auteurs de ce rapport exposent une analyse de la mesure dans laquelle les services de santé, entre autres services d’aide, peuvent être offerts en français dans les régions à majorité anglophone de la province. Parmi les aspects visés, mentionnons l’état de santé des résidents, l’usage des services de santé, la réception des services sociaux, la composition des ménages et le profil socio-économique du quartier. Nous examinons comment ces aspects ont changé au fil du temps et nous les comparons à celles des Néo-Brunswickois francophones et anglophones qui vivent dans une communauté urbaine majoritairement francophone et des résidents anglophones qui vivent dans la RGSJ, à Moncton et dans le reste du N.-B.2 Étant donné qu’à ce jour, la seule information sur la préférence linguistique que l’on trouve dans les données administratives du N.-B. est tirée des dossiers du système de l’assurance-maladie de la province, il y a des raisons de croire que l’on sous-estime peut-être la préférence linguistique réelle concernant les services de santé. C’est pourquoi nous envisageons des ajustements en fonction des résultats sur les connaissances linguistiques régionales indiqués dans le recensement canadien de 2016.
Répercussions à court et à long terme du volet de visites postnatales à domicile du programme Familles en santé, bébés en santé (FSBS) sur les résultats sur la santé et le développement des enfants au Nouveau-Brunswick
(l’Institut de recherche, de données et de formation du Nouveau-Brunswick, 2023-04) Magalhaes, Sandra; Cameron, Jillian; Cookson, Samuel; Folkins, Chris; Gorman-Asal, Sadie; Somayaji, Chandy
Le développement de la petite enfance est un déterminant social de la santé de premier plan. Les visites à domicile constituent une stratégie de santé publique visant à atténuer les répercussions néfastes de la pauvreté et de l’adversité dans la petite enfance, habituellement offertes aux familles présentant un risque élevé de résultats moins favorables. Les familles sont inscrites avant ou après la naissance de bébé, et suivies tout au long de la grossesse et lors des premières années de vie de l’enfant. Les programmes de visites à domicile se sont montrés bénéfiques pour les participants et les fournisseurs de services, mais leurs répercussions à long terme n’ont pas fait l’objet d’une évaluation adéquate au sein des populations canadiennes. Chaque province et territoire du Canada offre un programme de visites à domicile qui, chez plusieurs, fait actuellement l’objet d’un examen continu. De plus amples recherches sont nécessaires pour éclairer ces efforts. L’objectif global de la présente étude consiste à évaluer les répercussions à court et à long terme d’une participation aux services ciblés de visites postnatales à domicile sur l’attitude face à l’allaitement maternel et le développement de l’enfant. Les résultats qui en découleront serviront à un examen du volet de visites postnatales à domicile ciblées du programme FSBS, au Nouveau-Brunswick. Une étude de cohorte rétrospective appariée comprenant toutes les naissances vivantes ayant eu lieu au Nouveau-Brunswick (Canada) entre le 1er avril 2012 et le 31 mars 2014 dans des familles qui accueillaient leur premier enfant a été élaborée au moyen de données administratives axées sur la population fournies par l’Institut de la recherche, des données et de la formation du Nouveau-Brunswick (IRDF-NB). Plusieurs ensembles de données administratives couplables ont servi à déterminer la cohorte de l’étude, la participation postnatale au programme FSBS, la durée de l’allaitement maternel et les résultats sur le développement infantile des trottineurs et des enfants d’âge préscolaire, de même que le nombre de variables de confusion. Une méthode d’appariement par scores de propension a permis de sélectionner un groupe de familles n’ayant pas participé semblables aux familles participantes. L’application d’un modèle de régression multivariable a permis de dégager des estimations statistiques des écarts de résultats entre les groupes, tout en tenant compte des variables de confusion pertinentes. Une cohorte de naissances de 6 096 familles accueillant leur premier enfant, ainsi établie, a fait l’objet d’un suivi longitudinal, de la naissance à l’âge scolaire; 1 211 familles ont participé au programme de visites postnatales à domicile et 1 366 autres ont été appariées aux familles participantes.
Short- and longer-term impacts of the Healthy Families Healthy Babies (HFHB) postnatal home visiting program on child health and developmental outcomes in New Brunswick
(New Brunswick Institute for Research, Data and Training, 2023-04) Magalhaes, Sandra; Cameron, Jillian; Cookson, Samuel; Folkins, Chris; Gorman-Asal, Sadie; Somayaji, Chandy
Early childhood development is a fundamental social determinant of health. Home visiting is a public health strategy to mitigate negative impacts from poverty and early childhood adversity, typically offered to families at high risk of poorer outcomes. Families are enrolled prenatally or postnatally and followed through pregnancy and the first years of the child’s life. Home visiting programs are shown to have benefits for both program participants and service providers; however, their longer-term impacts have not been properly evaluated among Canadian populations. Each Canadian province and territory offers a home visiting program, with several currently undergoing program review. More research is needed to inform these efforts. The overall goal of this study is to evaluate the short- and longer-term impacts of participation in targeted postnatal home visiting services on breastfeeding behaviour and child development, and results will inform a review of the Healthy Families, Healthy Babies (HFHB) targeted postnatal home visiting program in New Brunswick. A matched retrospective cohort study of all live births in New Brunswick, Canada, between April 1, 2012, and March 31, 2014, among families parenting for the first-time was developed using population-based administrative data accessible at the New Brunswick Institute for Research, Data and Training (NB-IRDT). Several linkable administrative data sets were used to define the study cohort, HFHB postnatal program participation, breastfeeding duration, and child developmental outcomes in toddlers and preschoolers, as well as a number of confounding variables. A propensity score matching methodology was used to select a group of families that did not participate who were similar to those who participated. Multivariable regression models were used to provide statistical estimates of the differences in outcomes between groups while accounting for relevant confounding variables. A birth cohort of 6096 families parenting for the first time was established and followed longitudinally from birth to school age; 1211 participated in the postnatal home visiting program, and 1366 non-participating families were matched to participants.
Summary Report: Characterizing the Francophone population in Greater Saint John (2015- 2020)
(New Brunswick Institute for Research, Data and Training, 2023-02) McDonald, Ted; Balzer, Andy; Cameron, Jillian; Mokhtar, Rawia
Bilingualism makes the province of New Brunswick (NB) unique within Canada, bringing with it a high level of linguistic diversity and cultural enrichment. However, as Canada’s only officially bilingual province, NB also faces issues of language barriers affecting segments of its population. For instance, there is limited information about the size of the Francophone community that would prefer service in French in majority Anglophone areas. Without this information, it is impossible to accurately represent the potential demand for French-language health and social services and how to meet that demand most efficiently. In this report, we attempt to address language barriers specifically in the Greater Saint John (GSJ) region by constructing a population profile of the Francophone population of GSJ. To fill this knowledge gap and to inform discussions of language barriers in NB, this report supports an analysis of the extent to which health and other support services might be provided in French in majority-Anglophone areas of the province. Measures of interest include residents’ health status, health service use, social services receipt, household composition, and neighbourhood socioeconomic profile. We consider how these measures have changed over time and how they compare for Francophone and Anglophone New Brunswickers living in urban majority-French communities, as well as Anglophone residents living GSJ, Moncton, and the Rest of NB. To date, the only information on language preference in NB administrative data is based on records in the province’s Medicare system, and there is reason to believe this might underestimate actual language preference for health services. As such, we consider adjustments based on measures of area-level language fluency as reported in the 2016 Canadian Census.
Summary Report: Short- and longer-term impacts of the Healthy Families Healthy Babies (HFHB) postnatal home visiting program on child health and developmental outcomes in New Brunswick
(New Brunswick Institute for Research, Data and Training, 2023-04) Magalhaes, Sandra; Cameron, Jillian; Cookson, Samuel; Folkins, Chris; Gorman-Asal, Sadie; Somayaji, Chandy
Early childhood development is a fundamental social determinant of health. Home visiting is a public health strategy to mitigate negative impacts from poverty and early childhood adversity, typically offered to families at high risk of poorer outcomes. Families are enrolled prenatally or postnatally and followed through pregnancy and the first years of the child’s life. Home visiting programs are shown to have benefits for both program participants and service providers; however, their longer-term impacts have not been properly evaluated among Canadian populations. Each Canadian province and territory offers a home visiting program, with several currently undergoing program review. More research is needed to inform these efforts. The overall goal of this study is to evaluate the short- and longer-term impacts of participation in targeted postnatal home visiting services on breastfeeding behaviour and child development, and results will inform a review of the Healthy Families, Healthy Babies (HFHB) targeted postnatal home visiting program in New Brunswick. A matched retrospective cohort study of all live births in New Brunswick, Canada, between April 1, 2012, and March 31, 2014, among families parenting for the first-time was developed using population-based administrative data accessible at the New Brunswick Institute for Research, Data and Training (NB-IRDT). Several linkable administrative data sets were used to define the study cohort, HFHB postnatal program participation, breastfeeding duration, and child developmental outcomes in toddlers and preschoolers, as well as a number of confounding variables. A propensity score matching methodology was used to select a group of families that did not participate who were similar to those who participated. Multivariable regression models were used to provide statistical estimates of the differences in outcomes between groups while accounting for relevant confounding variables. A birth cohort of 6096 families parenting for the first time was established and followed longitudinally from birth to school age; 1211 participated in the postnatal home visiting program, and 1366 non-participating families were matched to participants.
Summary Report: The Impacts of Flooding Events on Mental Health in New Brunswick
(New Brunswick Institute for Research, Data and Training, 2023-10) Magalhaes, Sandra; Lundy, Adele; Youssef, Simon; Simmons, Haylie; Cameron, Jillian; Beykzadeh, Ali
Flooding events are among the most devasting natural disasters – and as a result of climate change, natural disasters such as flooding are expected to occur more frequently and be more severe. The effects caused by flooding can create a lot of stress and uncertainty. Previous research studies consistently demonstrate negative mental health impacts associated with flooding, such as anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and increases in need for health services. However, the research in this area is limited by lower quality research methodology, including self-selected samples and uncontrolled statistical analyses. The research study presented in this report describes mental health impacts of flooding. In doing so, it fills an important knowledge gap, as it is among the few studies to use population-based sampling and multivariable regression models in estimating the impacts of flooding and to identify high-risk population sub-groups that are more vulnerable to the impacts of flooding. The specific objectives of this research are to: 1. Characterize populations affected by flooding in the province of New Brunswick. 2. Determine which mental health outcomes are negatively affected by flooding. 3. Identify high-risk population sub-groups that may be more vulnerable to the mental health impacts of flooding. A population-based longitudinal cohort study design was established using linked, pseudonymized person-level administrative data available for access through the New Brunswick Institute for Research, Data and Training (NB-IRDT). Seven significant flooding events in New Brunswick were examined: 2005, 2008, 2012, 2014, 2015, 2018, and 2019. Cohort members were defined as exposed if they lived in a geographic area identified to have any flooding based on a combination of flood-related data from the Government of Canada and the Government of New Brunswick. Six mental health outcomes and six alternate outcomes were compared between exposed and unexposed populations. Mental health outcomes include health service use for mental illness and more specifically for mood and/or anxiety disorders, hospitalization for mental illness-related reasons and for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and physician services for counselling/psychotherapy, as well as death by suicide. Several alternate outcomes were also examined to provide a fuller understanding of the experiences of the exposed population, including Emergency Department use, hospital service use, school attendance in children, and withdrawal from post-secondary education in youth. Risk factors for mental health and alternate outcomes were also considered in exposed populations, including flood-related, sociodemographic, and health-related characteristics. Advanced regression modeling techniques were used to compare outcomes during the same time period in an exposed population relative to an unexposed population that was similar with respect to age, sex, socioeconomic status, and pre-flooding mental health.
The Impacts of Flooding Events on Mental Health in New Brunswick
(New Brunswick Institute for Research, Data and Training, 2023-09) Magalhaes, Sandra; Lundy, Adele; Youssef, Simon; Simmons, Haylie; Cameron, Jillian; Beykzadeh, Ali
Flooding events are among the most devasting natural disasters – and as a result of climate change, natural disasters such as flooding are expected to occur more frequently and be more severe. The effects caused by flooding can create a lot of stress and uncertainty. Previous research studies consistently demonstrate negative mental health impacts associated with flooding, such as anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and increases in need for health services. However, the research in this area is limited by lower quality research methodology, including self-selected samples and uncontrolled statistical analyses. The research study presented in this report describes mental health impacts of flooding. In doing so, it fills an important knowledge gap, as it is among the few studies to use population-based sampling and multivariable regression models in estimating the impacts of flooding and to identify high-risk population sub-groups that are more vulnerable to the impacts of flooding. The specific objectives of this research are to: 1. Characterize populations affected by flooding in the province of New Brunswick. 2. Determine which mental health outcomes are negatively affected by flooding. 3. Identify high-risk population sub-groups that may be more vulnerable to the mental health impacts of flooding. A population-based longitudinal cohort study design was established using linked, pseudonymized person-level administrative data available for access through the New Brunswick Institute for Research, Data and Training (NB-IRDT). Seven significant flooding events in New Brunswick were examined: 2005, 2008, 2012, 2014, 2015, 2018, and 2019. Cohort members were defined as exposed if they lived in a geographic area identified to have any flooding based on a combination of flood-related data from the Government of Canada and the Government of New Brunswick. Six mental health outcomes and six alternate outcomes were compared between exposed and unexposed populations. Mental health outcomes include health service use for mental illness and more specifically for mood and/or anxiety disorders, hospitalization for mental illness-related reasons and for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and physician services for counselling/psychotherapy, as well as death by suicide. Several alternate outcomes were also examined to provide a fuller understanding of the experiences of the exposed population, including Emergency Department use, hospital service use, school attendance in children, and withdrawal from post-secondary education in youth. Risk factors for mental health and alternate outcomes were also considered in exposed populations, including flood-related, sociodemographic, and health-related characteristics. Advanced regression modeling techniques were used to compare outcomes during the same time period in an exposed population relative to an unexposed population that was similar with respect to age, sex, socioeconomic status, and pre-flooding mental health.

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