Browsing by Author "Nawfel, Jena L."

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    A Multi-Variate Approach to Predicting Myoelectric Control Usability
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2021) Nawfel, Jena L.; Englehart, Kevin B.; Scheme, Erik J.
    Pattern recognition techniques leveraging the use of electromyography signals have become a popular approach to provide intuitive control of myoelectric devices. Performance of these control interfaces is commonly quantified using offline classification accuracy, despite studies having shown that this metric is a poor indicator of usability. Researchers have identified alternative offline metrics that better correlate with online performance; however, the relationship has yet to be fully defined in the literature. This has necessitated the continued trial-and-error-style online testing of algorithms developed using offline approaches. To bridge this information divide, we conducted an exploratory study where thirty-two different metrics from the offline training data were extracted. A correlation analysis and an ordinary least squares regression were implemented to investigate the relationship between the offline metrics and six aspects online use. The results indicate that the current offline standard, classification accuracy, is a poor indicator of usability and that other metrics may hold predictive power. The metrics identified in this work also may constitute more representative evaluation criteria when designing and reporting new control schemes. Furthermore, linear combinations of offline training metrics generate substantially more accurate predictions than using individual metrics. We found that the offline metric feature efficiency generated the best predictions for the usability metric throughput. A combination of two offline metrics (mean semi-principal axes and mean absolute value) significantly outperformed feature efficiency alone, with a 166% increase in the predicted R 2 value (i.e., VEcv). These findings suggest that combinations of metrics could provide a more robust framework for predicting usability.
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    The Influence of Training With Visual Biofeedback on the Predictability of Myoelectric Control Usability
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2022) Nawfel, Jena L.; Englehart, Kevin B.; Scheme, Erik J.
    Studies have shown that closed-loop myoelectric control schemes can lead to changes in user performance and behavior compared to open-loop systems. When users are placed within the control loop, such as during real-time use, they must correct for errors made by the controller and learn what behavior is necessary to produce desired outcomes. Augmented feedback, consequently, has been used to incorporate the user throughout the training process and to facilitate learning. This work explores the effect of visual feedback presented during user training on both the performance and predictability of a myoelectric classification-based control system. Our results suggest that properly designed feedback mechanisms and training tasks can influence the quality of the training data and the ability to predict usability using linear combinations of metrics derived from feature space. Furthermore, our results confirm that the most common in-lab training protocol, screen guided training, may yield training data that are less representative of online use than training protocols that incorporate the user in the loop. These results suggest that training protocols should be designed that better parallel the testing environment to more effectively prepare both the algorithms and users for real-time control.