White shadows: Transforming First Nation child welfare in Canada within the influence of complex colonial relationships

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Date

2024-08

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University of New Brunswick

Abstract

The overrepresentation of Indigenous children in the Canadian child welfare system is well-established, with estimates suggesting that current numbers surpass those observed during the residential school era (Trocmé et al., 2004; Blackstock et al., 2020; Sinclair, 2016). In response, the 2020 federal legislation, An Act respecting First Nation, Inuit and Métis children, youth and families, was enacted to affirm the rights of Indigenous peoples to exercise jurisdiction over child and family services. This legislation establishes national principles such as the best interests of the child, cultural continuity, and substantive equality. New Brunswick has also struggled with systemic racism and the overrepresentation of Indigenous children and youth in care. The provincial child welfare system has implemented the federal legislation, which could lead to positive changes. Emphasizing the rights of Indigenous peoples, jurisdictional authority, and a shift towards prevention, these changes have the potential to improve the relationships between Indigenous communities and the child welfare system. This research examines the intricate dynamics of the child welfare system in Canada, analyzing provincial and federal policies and legislation through critical conversations and observations. The goal is to comprehend the system and identify opportunities for transformation. Drawing on my observations, knowledge, experiences, and relationships with Indigenous communities spanning two decades, I bring a unique perspective on the complex relationships within child welfare. Incorporating autoethnography and storytelling within a framework of Indigenous research methodologies, this study aims to counter colonialism, systemic racism, and unequal power relations ingrained in existing child welfare systems. Bricolage serves as the overarching framework to examine colonialism within structures hindering transformation. Critical Race Theory, the Two-Eyed Seeing perspective, a systems approach, and decolonization all contribute to this comprehensive analysis. By shedding light on the multiple dynamics in relationships, this research recognizes the challenges and resiliency inherent in efforts toward transformative change. The overarching aim is to identify strategies for enhancing the child welfare system to better serve Indigenous children, youth, and families in New Brunswick.

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INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AREAS::Children, welfare

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