Research Institutes & Centres

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https://unbscholar.lib.unb.ca/handle/1882/12783

In order to create a Constituted Research Institute or Centre, researchers must follow the process outlined in the UNB Policy Governing Research Institutes and Centres at the University of New Brunswick. The process culminates with the approval of the UNB Senate from the applicable campus and the Board of Governors.

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Analysis of unmatched immigrants in the BizNet Database
(New Brunswick Institute for Research, Data and Training, 2020) Leonard, Philip; McDonald, Ted; Miah, Pablo
New Brunswick has been facing the problem of an aging and shrinking population for some time now, and both factors are likely to affect the economy and workforce of the province. To implement measures for proactive population growth and for increasing the size of the labour force, the Government of New Brunswick (GNB) has identified immigration as a key strategy – and while NB has seen a growing number of immigrant arrivals, the retention of landed immigrants must be a primary objective. Identifying trends in immigrant retention, and factors influencing retention, can help decision makers understand how well current policies work and – if required – make necessary changes.
Brief on Bill C-78: An Act to amend the Divorce Act, The Family Orders and Agreements Enforcement Assistance Act and the Garnishment, Attachment and Pension Diversion Act and to make consequential amendments to other Acts
(2019) Neilson, Linda, C.
Caractérisation de la population francophone de la région du Grand Saint John (2015- 2020)
(l’Institut de recherche, de données et de formation du Nouveau-Brunswick de l’Université du Nouveau-Brunswick, 2023-02) McDonald, Ted; Balzer, Andy; Cameron, Jillian; Mokhtar, Rawia
Le bilinguisme rend la province du Nouveau-Brunswick (N.-B.) unique au sein du Canada, de par sa forte diversité linguistique et son incroyable richesse culturelle. Cependant, comme le Nouveau-Brunswick est la seule province officiellement bilingue du Canada, certains segments de sa population sont confrontés à des obstacles linguistiques. Par exemple, il n’y a que peu d’information sur la taille de la communauté francophone dont les membres préféreraient un service en français dans les régions à majorité anglophone. Sans cette information, il est, toutefois, impossible de représenter précisément la demande potentielle de services sociaux et de soins de santé en français et de trouver le moyen de répondre à cette demande le plus efficacement possible. Dans ce rapport, nous tentons de remédier aux obstacles linguistiques, particulièrement dans la région du Grand Saint John1 en élaborant un profil de la population francophone de cette région. Pour combler cette lacune au niveau des connaissances et éclairer les discussions sur les obstacles linguistiques au N.-B., les auteurs de ce rapport exposent une analyse de la mesure dans laquelle les services de santé, entre autres services d’aide, peuvent être offerts en français dans les régions à majorité anglophone de la province. Parmi les aspects visés, mentionnons l’état de santé des résidents, l’usage des services de santé, la réception des services sociaux, la composition des ménages et le profil socio-économique du quartier. Nous examinons comment ces aspects ont changé au fil du temps et nous les comparons à celles des Néo-Brunswickois francophones et anglophones qui vivent dans une communauté urbaine majoritairement francophone et des résidents anglophones qui vivent dans la RGSJ, à Moncton et dans le reste du N.-B.2 Étant donné qu’à ce jour, la seule information sur la préférence linguistique que l’on trouve dans les données administratives du N.-B. est tirée des dossiers du système de l’assurance-maladie de la province, il y a des raisons de croire que l’on sous-estime peut-être la préférence linguistique réelle concernant les services de santé. C’est pourquoi nous envisageons des ajustements en fonction des résultats sur les connaissances linguistiques régionales indiqués dans le recensement canadien de 2016.
Characterizing The Francophone Population in Greater Saint John (2015-2020)
(New Brunswick Institute for Research, Data and Training, 2023-02) McDonald, Ted; Balzer, Andy; Cameron, Jillian; Mokhtar, Rawia
Bilingualism makes the province of New Brunswick (NB) unique within Canada, bringing with it a high level of linguistic diversity and cultural enrichment. However, as Canada’s only officially bilingual province, NB also faces issues of language barriers affecting segments of its population. For instance, there is limited information about the size of the Francophone community that would prefer service in French in majority Anglophone areas. Without this information, it is impossible to accurately represent the potential demand for French-language health and social services and how to meet that demand most efficiently. In this report, we attempt to address language barriers specifically in the Greater Saint John (GSJ) region by constructing a population profile of the Francophone population of GSJ. To fill this knowledge gap and to inform discussions of language barriers in NB, this report supports an analysis of the extent to which health and other support services might be provided in French in majority-Anglophone areas of the province. Measures of interest include residents’ health status, health service use, social services receipt, household composition, and neighbourhood socioeconomic profile. We consider how these measures have changed over time and how they compare for Francophone and Anglophone New Brunswickers living in urban majority-French communities, as well as Anglophone residents living GSJ, Moncton, and the Rest of NB. To date, the only information on language preference in NB administrative data is based on records in the province’s Medicare system, and there is reason to believe this might underestimate actual language preference for health services. As such, we consider adjustments based on measures of area-level language fluency as reported in the 2016 Canadian Census.
Choosing wisely: Imaging for lower back pain
(New Brunswick Institute for Research, Data and Training, 2022-01) Emery, Jillian; DeVries, Gwenyth; McDonald, Ted; Somayaji, Chandy
As part of a global movement that began in the United States in 2012, Choosing Wisely Canada was launched in 2014 to help reduce unnecessary tests and treatments in healthcare. One of its recommendations is to not do imaging for lower back pain unless ‘red flags’ – or conditions that warrant diagnostic imaging – are present. In 2015, the Canadian Medical Imaging Inventory indicated that New Brunswick (NB) had the third-highest number of average CTs (computed tomography scans) per 1,000 population. In 2020, a revised report suggested NB had the highest number in the entire country. To date, there has been no detailed breakdown of the diagnostic imaging performed in NB to inform of past trends or advise on future directions; the Choosing Wisely New Brunswick steering committee therefore prioritized the investigation of accessible health data. This study aims to address this issue by linking lumbar spine imaging data with population demographics data at the New Brunswick Institute for Research, Data and Training to look for variations in lumbar spine imaging patterns in NB between 2012 and 2019. We investigate regional volumes and types of imaging and identify the volume of lower back pain imaging that aligns with indicators of red flag conditions.
Collaborative Design of a Research Informed, Coordinated Provincial / Queen’s Bench Family Violence Court Model
(Muriel McQueen Fergusson Centre for Family Violence Research, 2022) Neilson, Linda, C.; Boucher, Joanne; Robichaud, Brigitte; Dugas-Horsman, Anne
The Collaborative Design of a Research-Informed, Coordinated Provincial / Queen’s Bench Family Violence Court Model project was a collaborative academic, judicial and New Brunswick government project designed to document, assess and improve the sharing of information about risk and danger (adult and child) and to improve the sharing and consistency of agreements and orders across legal systems in family violence cases. The ultimate goal was to design and pilot a coordinated court model to ensure due process while managing safe, research and evidence-informed information exchanges in family violence cases across the criminal, civil-intimate-partner protection, family-law and child-protection legal systems. The anticipated outcomes were enhancement of adult and child safety, reduction of duplication of information and evidence, and improved coordination of court orders and agreements. As a result of Covid - 19 and repetitive public health lockdowns throughout the whole of the project, particularly in Moncton, we were able to meet some but not all of our objectives. We were able to collect and assess court file data from multiple court systems and connect the court data from multiple systems to those accused of domestic violence crimes. We were also able to collect and document focus group data. We presented our data to the judiciary, the project’s advisory committee, directors of child protection services, and to pertinent professionals and service providers in the Moncton region. We will be able to propose the model and identify obstacles requiring a response in order to implement the model. We will also propose potential solutions.
Comparisons of high school equivalency and high school diplomas in NB
(New Brunswick Institute for Research, Data and Training, 2019) Leonard, Philip; McDonald, Ted; Balzer, Andy
Is getting a GED as “good” as getting a high school diploma? New Brunswickers who drop out of high school but later complete their high school education commonly receive a General Equivalency Diploma – otherwise known as a GED. Some may assume that having a GED or other equivalency degree is comparable to having a high school diploma. Meanwhile, others ask if having a GED is better than having no degree at all. To shed light on this issue, researchers at NB-IRDT look at the evidence surrounding labour market outcomes. This report uses data from the New Brunswick Institute for Research, Data and Training (NB-IRDT) from the 2016 General Social Survey to examine labour market outcomes – including employment and average income – for New Brunswickers possessing a high school equivalency diploma, a traditional high school diploma, or less than a high school education. New Brunswickers with levels of education beyond high school are not included in this comparison. Findings show that while employment rates and average incomes for individuals with an equivalency diploma are not as high as for those with a high school diploma, they are considerably higher than those of individuals who did not complete a high school education. At the time of the survey, 51% of individuals with an equivalency diploma were employed, versus 60% with a high school diploma and 31% without a high school education. Individuals with an equivalency diploma were earning approximately $31,742 a year, compared to $32,381 for those with a high school diploma and $19,893 for those without a high school education. Previous studies have asked whether there is any advantage to getting a GED over not getting one at all. The results suggest the answer is “yes” – in the labour market, at least.
Conception collaborative d’un modèle de tribunal de la violence familiale provincial/Cour du Banc du Roi coordonné et fondé sur la recherche
(Muriel McQueen Fergusson Centre for Family Violence Research, 2022-07-01) Neilson, Linda C.; Boucher, Joanne; Robichaud, Brigitte; Dugas-Horsman, Anne
Le projet Conception collaborative d’un modèle de tribunal de la violence familiale provincial/Cour du Banc de la Reine coordonné et fondé sur la recherche, qui est le fruit d’une collaboration universitaire, juridique et gouvernementale (Nouveau-Brunswick), vise à documenter, évaluer et améliorer le partage d’information sur les risques et les dangers (pour les adultes et les enfants) ainsi qu’à améliorer le partage et la cohérence des ententes et des ordonnances dans l’ensemble des systèmes judiciaires, relativement aux affaires liées à la violence familiale. L’objectif était de concevoir un modèle de tribunal coordonné afin de garantir une procédure régulière tout en gérant des échanges d’informations sûrs et fondés sur la recherche et sur des preuves relativement aux affaires de violence familiale pour la protection des partenaires intimes, le droit de la famille et la protection de l’enfance, tant au pénal qu’au civil; il s’agissait également de mener un projet pilote pour le modèle de tribunal coordonné. Les résultats attendus étaient les suivants : amélioration de la sécurité des adultes et des enfants, réduction du dédoublement des informations et des preuves et meilleure coordination des ordonnances et des accords des tribunaux. En raison de la Covid-19 et des confinements qui ont eu lieu pendant le projet, particulièrement à Moncton, nous n’avons pas réalisé tous nos objectifs. Nous avons pu recueillir et évaluer les données de dossiers provenant de différents tribunaux ainsi que relier ces données aux personnes accusées de crimes en matière de violence familiale. Nous avons également pu recueillir et documenter les données de groupes de discussion. Nous avons présenté nos données à la magistrature, au comité consultatif du projet, aux directeurs des services de protection de l’enfance ainsi qu’aux professionnels et fournisseurs de services concernés de la région de Moncton. Nous serons en mesure de proposer le modèle ainsi que de déterminer les obstacles nécessitant une intervention pour pouvoir mettre en œuvre le modèle. Nous proposerons également des solutions potentielles.
Constructing profiles of low-skilled workers in New Brunswick
(New Brunswick Institute for Research, Data and Training, 2021-07) Bhuiyan, Erfan Mahmood; Leonard, Philip; McDonald, Ted
Introduction The objective of this report is to construct profiles of low-skilled workers in New Brunswick (NB) using different definitions of low skill and to evaluate how these profiles have evolved over time. Profiles include age group, sex, ethnicity, immigration status, employment status, industry, region of residence, and income. Data and Definitions The results of this report are based on the master data files of the 1996, 2001, 2006, and 2016 cycles of the Canadian Census and the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) available in the Statistics Canada Research Data Centre (RDC) in Fredericton, NB. Overview and Key Findings This report constructs statistical descriptions, or profiles, of low-skilled workers in New Brunswick using three different definitions for low skill: Lack of high school certificate or its equivalent National Occupational Classification (NOC) Skill Level D Annual earnings, based on employment income, in the lowest income quintile Using these definitions for low skill, this report finds the following: 13% of working-age New Brunswickers have less than a high school certificate or equivalent This group earns an annual median income of $21,550 11% of working-age New Brunswickers are employed in NOC Skill Level D occupations This group earns an annual median income of $18,505 16% of working-age New Brunswickers earn less than the lowest income quintile cut-off. This group earns an annual median income of $6,820 Conclusion Understanding who the low-skilled workers in NB are and how the profiles of these individuals have evolved over time will help the government design more targeted programs. Once the most vulnerable groups are identified, it becomes easier to see whether they are taking advantage of existing public programs. According to this report, the groups considered most vulnerable to being low-skilled include women, part-time workers, and New Brunswickers aged 20-24. This information has the potential to help the government examine the impact of existing programs aimed at these individuals and evaluate how such programs can be improved to better serve these likely vulnerable groups.
Deep poverty in New Brunswick: A description and national comparisons
(New Brunswick Institute for Research, Data and Training, 2020) Dutton, Daniel J.
The persistence of poverty – especially deep poverty – in Canada is an important topic for researchers across various disciplines. Deep poverty refers to those living far below the poverty line, which serves as a particularly important measure for government in regard to planning and population health. However, measures of poverty vary across Canada, and it has been suggested that the choice of poverty line is important for tracking poverty and deep poverty over time. In New Brunswick, income poverty is measured using a number of key indicators, including the Market Basket Measure and the Low-Income Measure after tax (LIM). Deep poverty is measured as having an income at 50% or less of the Low-Income Measure (LIM) in a given year. The Canadian poverty line is defined by the Market Basket Measure (MBM). By examining levels of poverty according to both measures (LIM and MBM), we are able to show the impact the choice of definition can have on poverty outcomes – which, in our comparisons, is quite small. We use Census data to map out ten-year trends in poverty (2006-2016) with limited success, as consistent deep poverty measures are not available. The choice of poverty line matters in this comparison. Trends based on the LIM (a relative measure of poverty, which grows with increases in median incomes) imply that poverty in New Brunswick increased over the study period in question. However, trends based on the MBM (an absolute measure of poverty, which grows with inflation) imply that poverty has been decreasing. This difference in outcomes is particularly evident for seniors, whose poverty levels have been increasing according to the LIM and decreasing according to the MBM. These findings suggest that using the LIM as a benchmark implies that deep poverty in seniors may increase simply due to rising median incomes; this does not necessarily indicate a meaningful change in living conditions for the poor. 2016 Census data on immigrant poverty also shows that poverty among immigrants is approximately double that of non-immigrants, with the difference between the groups increasing over time. We find similar correlations between deep poverty and certain variables, regardless of the poverty measure used. Using data from the Canadian Income Survey (CIS) for the years 2012 to 2016, we are able to construct a consistent picture of who is living in deep poverty in New Brunswick. In any given year, there are approximately 100,000 people living below the poverty line in New Brunswick, and approximately 18,000 of them live in deep poverty. Deep poverty is relatively rare for those below the poverty line – affecting close to 1 in 5 people. Over time, the number of people living in deep poverty in New Brunswick has been declining, driven by a notable decrease in 2016. The prevalence of deep poverty also shows a decrease from 2012 to 2016, with most people below the poverty line being quite close to the line. Our findings show that those in deep poverty are more likely to be single, living alone, middle aged, and on social assistance. Having children or being over the age of 65 are both protective of deep poverty due to the additional government transfers that target these households. There seems to be no relationship between sex, geographic region, or education and deep poverty. Finally, French and English speakers show a similar poverty prevalence. Overall, it seems that the definition of poverty used (LIM vs. MBM) is not important for studying the correlates of deep poverty, but it is important for estimating the prevalence of deep poverty. New Brunswick is typical of the Atlantic Region1 in terms of deep poverty characteristics and trends. The Atlantic region in turn is similar to the rest of Canada. Thus, New Brunswick’s challenges are not unique. However, while being on government transfers (e.g., social assistance) and being single are both correlated with deep poverty across the country, this relationship is strongest in the Atlantic provinces, implying a potential avenue for policy intervention. If social assistance, by design, provides a level of support that pushes singles into deep poverty to preserve work incentives, single social assistance recipients will likely continue to live in deep poverty. One government solution to deep poverty would be to raise single social assistance payments to a level above 50% of the LIM. For reference, the 2016 deep poverty threshold is $11,328 for a one-person household. Those who work in our sample are rarely in deep poverty; therefore, those who persist in deep poverty are possibly not transitioning off social assistance for systematic reasons, such as disability. 1The Atlantic region consists of New Brunswick, Newfoundland & Labrador, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island.
Descriptive analysis of manufacturing employment at the sub-provincial level in New Brunswick: 2010-2020
(New Brunswick Institute for Research, Data and Training, 2022-01) Emery, Herb; Mokhtar, Rawia; Wang, Li
There is a narrative in New Brunswick that the province is falling further and further behind the rest of Canada in terms of economic and population growth, and “catching up” is a nearly impossible task to accomplish. Fortunately, this narrative is not entirely true. New Brunswick (NB) aims – like all provinces – to obtain levels of growth equal to or surpassing the national average. It struggles in certain areas, such as growing its working-age population. However, research is often so focused on the province’s struggles and areas of greatest need that its leading sectors sometimes fade into the background. If we are to promote progress and prosperity in the province, there is a need to not only examine our weaknesses but also to better understand our strengths. The more we know about NB’s successes, the more likely we are to replicate them, and to solve any challenges that might be holding them back. In this report, we aim to do just that by examining one of NB’s greatest strengths: its manufacturing sector. Manufacturing, which refers to the physical or chemical transformation of materials or substances into new products (Government of Canada, 2021), is key to NB’s economic growth. Our manufacturing sector leads the province in exports and accounts for nearly 10% of total employment. In other words, nearly 1 in every 10 employed New Brunswicker works in manufacturing.
Double Disparity of Sexual Minority Status and Rurality in Cardiometabolic Hospitalization Risk: A Secondary Analysis Using Linked Population-Based Data
(MDPI, 2023-10-30) Gupta, Neeru; Cookson, Samuel R.
Studies have shown separately that sexual minority populations generally experience poorer chronic health outcomes compared with those who identify as heterosexual, as do rural populations compared with urban dwellers. This Canadian national observational study explored healthcare patterns at the little-understood intersections of lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) identity with residence in rural and remote communities, beyond chronic disease status. The secondary analysis applied logistic regressions on multiple linked datasets from representative health surveys, administrative hospital records, and a geocoded index of community remoteness to examine differences in the risk of potentially avoidable cardiometabolic-related hospitalization among adults of working age. Among those with an underlying cardiometabolic condition and residing in more rural and remote communities, a significantly higher hospitalization risk was found for LGB-identified persons compared with their heterosexual peers (odds ratio: 4.2; 95% confidence interval: 1.5–11.7), adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, behavioral risk factors, and primary healthcare access. In models stratified by sex, the association remained significant among gay and bisexual men (5.6; CI: 1.3–24.4) but not among lesbian and bisexual women (3.5; CI: 0.9–13.6). More research is needed leveraging linkable datasets to better understand the complex and multiplicative influences of sexual minority status and rurality on cardiometabolic health to inform equity-enhancing preventive healthcare interventions.
Graduate retention in New Brunswick: 2019 and 2020 cohort update
(New Brunswick Institute for Research, Data and Training, 2023-01) Balzer, Andy; McDonald, Ted; Miah, Pablo; Mokhtar, Rawia
This report is the first in a series of annual updates on post-secondary graduates’ retention in New Brunswick (NB) that will be released by the New Brunswick Institute for Research, Data and Training (NB-IRDT) each year. These reports provide an overview of NB graduates’ retention patterns since the previous reporting period, and these periodic updates on graduates’ retention trends can help guide public policy discussions around education and training strategies to attract youth to study, work, and live in NB. The current study, which looks at 2019 and 2020 graduate cohorts, updates the graduate retention results published by Bhuiyan et al. (2020), which considered individuals who graduated as recently as 2018. However, two changes in methodology used in this report mean that results presented here are not directly comparable to the previous results (Bhuiyan et al., 2020). The first change is that in this report, the data on university graduates come from the Maritime Provinces Higher Education Commission (MPHEC), rather than the universities themselves. Though graduation numbers are very close between the two sources, data matching rates are lower with the new source. Second, a more conservative definition of retention is adopted in this report, whereby changes in Medicare status prior to an individual’s graduation date are used to assess retention post-graduation. These methodological changes are discussed in more detail in the report, but the net result is that estimated retention rates in this report are somewhat lower than comparable results in the previous report. We therefore present the full historical series of retention rates so that changes over time can be assessed using a consistent methodology.
Graduate retention in New Brunswick: 2021 graduate cohort update
(New Brunswick Institute for Research, Data and Training, 2024-06) McDonald, Ted; Miah, Pablo; Beykzadeh, Ali; Gorman-Asal, Madeleine
This report is the third in a series of annual updates on post-secondary graduates’ retention in New Brunswick (NB) by the New Brunswick Institute for Research, Data and Training (NB-IRDT). These reports provide an overview of the retention patterns of graduates from post-secondary institutions in NB since the previous reporting period, and their updates on graduates’ retention trends can help guide public policy discussions around education and training strategies to attract younger individuals to study, work and live in NB. The current study, which includes data on the 2021 graduate cohort, provides an update to the graduate retention results released by NB-IRDT in 2023 (Balzer et al., 2023), which included data on individuals who graduated in 2019 and 2020. The methodology followed by Balzer et al. (2023) was replicated for this cohort update.
Graduate retention in New Brunswick: Supplementary report on graduates in social work
(New Brunswick Institute for Research, Data and Training, 2023-05) Jones, Bethany; McDonald, Ted; Miah, Pablo
In January 2023, the New Brunswick Institute for Research, Data and Training released a report called Graduate retention in New Brunswick: 2019 and 2020 cohort update (Balzer et al.), 1 which gave an overview of post-secondary graduates’ retention patterns, disaggregated by their field of study. While this provided many valuable insights into graduates’ education and mobility decisions, the fields of study examined were purposely broad. This allowed for comparison between graduates of programs in arts, science, business, and healthcare, for instance, but it did not allow for a narrower focus on the outcomes of graduates of specific fields of interest. In New Brunswick, social work is one such field of interest. The retention of social work graduates 2 is an important topic in the public sphere, as social work has been identified as the second highest profession in need of a recruitment and retention strategy in New Brunswick, and pre-pandemic projections suggest the province could have a shortage of 272 social workers by 2030 (New Brunswick Association of Social Workers [NBASW], 2022). Given the increased demand for social workers since the start of COVID-19, this shortage could be even greater (NBASW, 2022). This study focuses on the retention of social work graduates in New Brunswick and acts as a supplement to the earlier work by Balzer et al. (2023), using the same data and methodology but further breaking down the field of study category to examine social work specifically. The findings in this report provide an overview of social work graduates’ demographic backgrounds and mobility decisions and can help guide public policy discussions around education and training strategies to retain social workers in NB. 1 Graduate retention in New Brunswick: 2019 and 2020 cohort update (Balzer et al., 2023) 2 In this report, we refer to graduates of university social work programs and college social service community worker programs as “social work graduates.”
Immigrant income and labour market outcomes: 2006 - 2015 cohorts
(New Brunswick Institute for Research, Data and Training, 2021-06) Boco, Eton; Emery, Herb; McDonald, Ted; Mokhtar, Rawia
One of the central goals for the province of New Brunswick (NB) is to boost economic development by increasing labour market participation, and immigration is key to this plan. NB is faced with many demographic challenges, including an aging population, slow population growth, and the out-migration of its younger workers. All these issues have a negative impact on the provincial economy, which in turn is faced with the fiscal challenges of a shrinking tax-base and decreasing workforce. The Government of New Brunswick (GNB) has implemented many immigration programs, all with the expectation that immigrants will play a vital role in remedying these challenges while benefitting from participation in and contribution to the culture and labour market of NB. However, while NB has successfully welcomed a growing number of immigrants over time, there is still a need to retain the immigrants who land here. Immigrant retention poses a challenge for the province’s goal of population growth, as a substantial number of immigrants choose to leave the NB years after landing. In 2019, the New Brunswick Institute for Research, Data and Training (NB-IRDT) examined the retention of immigrants arriving through NB’s Provincial Nominee Program (PNP) – one of the many immigration streams implemented by GNB to boost immigration in NB. Researchers found that just about half of PNP immigrants destined for NB were still living in the province five years after arriving. These findings raise further questions, such as, “Who decides to stay? Who decides to leave? And what factors influence these decisions?” Understanding the experiences of immigrants residing in NB may help the province address challenges related to immigrant retention, and since there is a well-established link between mobility and economic opportunity, focusing on the economic experiences of immigrants in NB may shed light on a correlation between experiences and retention. To this end, this report examines the economic outcomes and retention rates of immigrants in NB to investigate trends and determinants of income and retention. With the goal of contributing to evidence-based assessments of provincial immigration policies and efforts, it presents detailed descriptive and empirical evidence on the evolution of immigrant retention and immigrants’ post-landing labour market experiences. This report has five aims: To show changes in the economic and demographic profiles of NB immigrants over time To show how NB’s major cities – Moncton, Saint John, and Fredericton – are doing at retaining immigrants destined for them To show which characteristics are associated with immigrants performing better (i.e., earning more) in the NB labour market To consider whether those with pre-admission time spent in NB on a work or study permit or with asylum claims have an advantage over those who had none before landing as permanent residents To show correlations, if any, between retention and economic success in the form of employment income for immigrants in NB
Immigrant Retention in New Brunswick: 2019 and 2020 Arrival Cohorts
(New Brunswick Institute for Research, Data and Training, 2022-11) McDonald, Ted; Miah, Pablo; Mokhtar, Rawia
This report is the first in a series of annual updates on immigrant retention in New Brunswick each year. These reports provide an overview of NB immigration retention patterns since the previous reporting period. These periodic updates on immigration trends can guide public policy concerned with strategies to attract immigrants and ways to retain established immigrant populations. The current study, which includes data on immigrant cohorts that landed in 2019 and 2020, provides an update to the immigrant retention results released by NB-IRDT in 2021 (McDonald & Miah, 2021), which only included data until 2018.
Immigrant retention in New Brunswick: An analysis using linked federal-provincial administrative data
(New Brunswick Institute for Research, Data and Training, 2021-07) McDonald, Ted; Miah, Pablo
The Government of New Brunswick (GNB) has identified immigration as a key strategy for addressing stagnant population growth and a shrinking labour force. GNB invests significant resources and efforts to attract more immigrants to the province and retain them. However, to understand if current policies are effective or need to be altered, it is important to know the retention rates of immigrants arriving in New Brunswick and which factors influence these rates. In 2019, NB-IRDT released a report titled “Immigrant retention in New Brunswick: Results from BizNet and Citizen Database” (Leonard et al.), in which data from Biznet (the Provincial Nominee Program database) and the Citizen Database (Medicare registry) were used to estimate the retention rates of immigrants who arrived through the Provincial Nominee Program (PNP). The current study provides an update and extension to the 2019 report with the objective of using matched federal data from the Permanent Resident Landing File of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) and the Citizen Database to estimate the retention rates of all immigrants who intended to arrive in New Brunswick (NB). As such, this study investigates - which streams of immigrants have higher retention rates, - factors influencing the decision to leave NB, and - retention rates for immigrants in the Atlantic Immigration Pilot (AIP) program. It also examines retention rates for PNP and immigration streams within PNP using data from Immigration New Brunswick (previously BizNet) and the Citizen Database for additional granularity in settlement streams not available in the IRCC data. These databases have been matched through the Department of Health using the name, gender, and birthdate of individuals; stripped of any personal identifiers (e.g., addresses); and pseudonymized (de-identified) before being sent to NB-IRDT.
Immigrant retention in New Brunswick: Results from BizNet and Citizen Database
(New Brunswick Institute for Research, Data and Training, 2019) Leonard, Philip; McDonald, Ted; Miah, Pablo
How many immigrants typically land in New Brunswick? And how many stay? In an effort to boost the population and economy of New Brunswick, the provincial government has invested many resources in attracting and retaining immigrants. One such initiative is the Provincial Nomination Program (PNP), which accelerates the immigration and Permanent Resident application process for skilled workers and immigrants (and their family members) with experience in business. In this report, researchers from the New Brunswick Institute for Research, Data and Training (NB-IRDT) use linked data from BizNet and the Citizen Database to investigate the number of landings (2001-2017) and retention rates (2005-2017) of immigrations in New Brunswick, focusing in particular on immigrants who arrived through the PNP. Results show that the number of Provincial Nominees has been steadily rising since 2005, reaching over 950 a year in 2017. Meanwhile, of the Nominees in New Brunswick long enough to receive a Medicare number, 75% remain in province one year later; 60% remain 3 years later, and less than 50% remain 5 years later. Report findings indicate that New Brunswick retains approximately 64% of targeted immigrants through the PNP. Findings also show that the largest number of Provincial Nominees has consistently come from China, though the number from the Philippines has been increasing rapidly since 2016. Immigrants from the Philippines also have the highest retention rates. Future updates to the Citizen Database and BizNet datasets will make it possible to analyze retention rates of applicants through the Atlantic Immigration Pilot as well.
Labour shortages in the Canadian transportation sector: New evidence from microdata
(New Brunswick Institute for Research, Data and Training, 2021-11) Emery, Herb; Boco , Eton; Wang, Li; Mokhtar, Rawia
This report investigates concerns over perceived labour shortages in Canadian Transportation industries and occupations with individual-level data from the 2010-2020 Labour Force Surveys and the 2006 and 2016 Canadian Census cycles. Using confidential microdata available in the Statistics Canada Research Data Centre allowed us to analyze Transportation industries and occupations in more detail than is currently possible with publicly available data.

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