Open Theses & Dissertations

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An investigation of transition-informed classifier adaptation for myoelectric control
(University of New Brunswick, 2023-12) Meneley, Julia; MacIsaac, Dawn; Scheme, Erik
Myoelectric prostheses use pattern recognition of surface electromyography (SEMG) to interpret a user’s intent. Over time, changes in the SEMG worsen the usability of these prostheses, requiring cumbersome retraining. Adaptive learning, although able to update the classifier, suffers from mislabelling errors during unsupervised use. This study aimed to overcome this by investigating the impact of transitions between classes, often associated with elevated misclassification, on the adaptation process. Several adaptation techniques, some based on explicitly avoiding transitions and others based on leveraging awareness of transitions to improve decision stream labelling, were explored. Finally, these transition-informed adaptation techniques were tested on two datasets that included sequences of transitions between known classes. Results suggest that an awareness of transience in the SEMG can inform the data selection process and improve the labelling of unsupervised data for adaptation. A resulting LC-SSL technique yielded significant (p¡0.05) improvement to several offline classifier performance metrics.
Patrolling the medical margins: The hospital ship Strathcona III and community relocation in northern Newfoundland and Labrador, 1949-1974
(University of New Brunswick, 2023-12) Matchim, John R.H.; Mullally, Sasha
This dissertation explores the history of the Strathcona III (1964-1974), the last hospital ship built for the International Grenfell Association (IGA). The IGA was a philanthropic health care provider that operated in northern Newfoundland and Labrador between 1893 and 1981. To make its services more accessible to rural-remote fishing communities, the IGA developed a decentralized system of small hospitals, nursing stations and hospital ships. By revisiting a wide range of clinician autobiographies and other forms of life writing, analyzing clinical case records, and applying a spatial history analysis to the Strathcona III’s activities, this study shows that the ship was primarily built in response to the continuing high incidence of tuberculosis. Ultimately, this work links the Strathcona III’s health services to contemporaneous community relocation programs that sought to move people from small fishing communities to larger ‘growth centres.’ Faced with overcrowded housing, where tuberculosis flourished, and high unemployment, many relocated people returned to their old homes each summer to make a living from the fishery, leading the IGA to construct a new hospital ship that could accompany them. This is not to say that the intentions of the state could not be coopted or subverted. While the Strathcona III was designed to conduct mass x-ray surveys for tuberculosis, coastal peoples were also able to access a range of other medical services. The ship provided a vital support to fishing peoples whose way of life was considered ‘backwards’ in a modern industrial economy. By continuing to fish from summer stations local people were able, at least indirectly, to influence IGA policy and address their particular needs. Additionally, applying a circumpolar, historical framework to these activities connects the IGA to international trends. The emerging historiography of global health and the rise of ‘big medicine’ shows how economic ‘modernization’ programs, military buildups, and marine-based public health surveys in Canada were also occurring at the same time in many other parts of the circumpolar North Atlantic. Thus, interconnected projects of tuberculosis control and community relocation in northern Newfoundland and Labrador can be seen as parts of a larger set of global projects.
Building a global navy: U.S. naval logistics, 1775-1941
(University of New Brunswick, 2023-12) Klug, Jonathan P.; Milner, Marc; Windsor, Lee
By the end of World War II, the United States Navy (USN) was a juggernaut that had swept the Imperial Japanese Navy from the sea. While there are many reasons for this victory, one was the Japanese failure to account for naval logistics properly. Unfortunately, naval historians have made the same mistake concerning the USN. They have steadily paid less and less heed to naval logistics as World War II V-J Day inexorably slipped further back in time and memory. However, recent tensions between the United States and China have spurred renewed interest, which is appropriate given that any armed conflict would involve naval combat at the end of long sea lines of communication. This dissertation demonstrates that naval logistics was the true indicator of the United States Navy’s ability to be a blue-water navy capable of projecting power globally and brings naval logistics back into the general historical discussion. The USN struggled to improve its logistics for seventeen decades, from its inception to the Japanese raid on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. The Pacific War would also be a harsh taskmaster, as there was much to learn about naval logistics in the hard crucible of war. However, the Navy had laid the intellectual foundation and created the necessary equipment to develop the massive wartime logistical system that would allow successful combat operations across thousands of miles of open ocean. This dissertation demonstrates several key challenges inherent for a navy to operate globally. First, a transoceanic navy is expensive and has a long build lead time. Second, the Pacific Ocean is as vast today as it was in the 1940s, but today’s technology has “shrunk” the great ocean in the sense that it takes less time to traverse. Finally, although warships and the naval logistics systems necessary to support them continue to evolve, there are timeless aspects to waging transoceanic wars. Existing bases, advanced bases, and auxiliaries are essential for operational reach, endurance, and tempo, and they determine the success and persistence of early operations in war.
Modified cellulose filament as adsorbent for removal of methylene blue (MB) and copper ions (Cu2+)
(University of New Brunswick, 2023-12) Gyapong, Bright; Xiao, Huining
Rapid economic growth and industrialization have resulted in an exponential rise in the tainting of other elements by heavy metal ions (like Cu2+) and dye pollutants (such as MB). Concurrently, the global management of wood fibre residue has become a significant concern. Therefore, there is an urgent need to conduct a thorough investigation into the potential use of wood fibre residue to efficiently remove MB from water and Cu2+ from the soil. This research seeks to improve the effectiveness of wood cellulose as an adsorbent by amine-functionalizing cellulose filaments. Modified cellulose filaments were characterized using analytical techniques, including FTIR, TGA, and SEM. In conclusion, the amine-modified cellulose filaments are anticipated to demonstrate high efficacy in removing both MB and Cu2+, thus providing a plausible solution to reduce their environmental impact.
Value and values in relation to psychedelic substances and experiences
(University of New Brunswick, 2023-12) Foss, Jeremy; Galbo, Joseph; Weissman, Eric
The following is an interdisciplinary study of the uses of psychedelics for self-improvement, ritual and integrative social functions, medicinal relief of psychological and emotional trauma, and other mental health pathologies and illnesses. There is a dual purpose to this study. The first is to deconstruct the stigma surrounding psychedelics to explore how they have been excluded as natural remedies from common narratives on treatment. Stigma effects the way in which the world views these substances, and as this research shows, influences how users interpret and value their experiences with them. The second purpose is to explicate the similarities and differences between three unique settings outlined for the study: Clinical, as in being used under the supervision of a professional clinician, Ceremonial or Ritualistic, as in ceremonies such as an Ayahuasca ceremony, and Recreational, as in use by people in social settings. The research identified specific protocols, defined as best practices by interviewees, for maximizing the impacts of psychedelic use in each of these discrete contexts. Based on the first-hand experiences of users in these three settings, this thesis has proposed strategies for harm-reduction across all settings. This thesis informs current and future efforts to de-stigmatize psychedelics and promotes educating the public about their use. It contributes to harm-reduction approaches by demonstrating smart ways to manage psychedelic experiences for the purposes of enhancing mental health, reducing trauma and, for optimizing forms of self-improvement.
Cherokee and Black iron workers of the past: Exploring alternative methodologies to experience 19th-century blacksmithing and ironworks
(University of New Brunswick, 2023-12) Farwell, Ashley; Pleshat, Noah; Morton, Erin
“Cherokee and Black Iron Workers of the Past: Exploring Alternative Methodologies to Experience 19th-Century Blacksmithing and Ironworks” is a MA thesis and an argument for validity and wider accepted use of alternative methodologies in research and historical writing. This examination of the history of Cherokee and enslaved and emancipated Afro-descendant ironworkers uncovers knowledge hidden from conventional archival repositories. By telling the stories of 19th-century blacksmithing and ironworks through the history of material culture and the stories of the laborers’ themselves, this thesis exposes some of the forgotten tradespeople behind the building of the United States and offers a deeper understanding of the movement of goods, people, and ideas in the late 19th-century. Using a variety of established and alternative methodologies, my research offers a rare look into one of the most valued materials of the 19th century – iron – and the people who worked intimately with it.
The impact of 16-week resistance training performed using elastic bands along with diabetes education on physical functions of older adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and frailty: The Band-Frail study
(University of New Brunswick, 2023-12) Cull, Isaac C.; Sénéchal, Martin
Individuals with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or frailty have reduced physical function, however, living simultaneously with both conditions exacerbates an individual’s physical function. Research shows that resistance training and diabetes education improve physical function; however, few studies exist on individuals with T2DM and frailty. We hypothesized that performing 16 weeks of elastic band resistance training with diabetes education would increase physical function in individuals with T2DM and frailty. The exposure variable was a 16-week elastic band resistance training program, which consisted of supervised resistance training twice a week and diabetes education once a week. Physical function significantly improved (pre: 8.4 ± 2.1 vs. post: 9.9 ± 2.1; p<0.01) following the 16-week intervention, with 73% of participants improving by a minimal clinically important difference of one point on the Short Physical Performance Battery. This suggests that participating in the Band-Frail program enhances physical functions in individuals with T2DM and frailty.
Effects of agriculture, insecticides and climate change on freshwater benthic macroinvertebrates in Prince Edward Island, Canada
(University of New Brunswick, 2024-03) Crawford, Miranda I.; Alexander-Trusiak, Alexa
Global pesticide use has resulted in widespread environmental degradation, persistent contamination of water sources, and unintended impacts on non-target species. Mixtures of insecticides are commonly found, yet these chemicals are rarely studied in combination. Insecticides frequently found in areas of intensive agricultural land use are particularly concerning as these chemicals likely impact lotic freshwater aquatic benthic macroinvertebrates. This thesis analyzed factors that contribute to the persistence and presence of four commonly detected insecticides and their impact on benthic macroinvertebrates in 10 study watersheds over a greater than 10-year period (2007 to 2021) in Prince Edward Island, Canada, by examining the variability and influence of chemical (insecticides, water quality), biological (benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages), and physical (habitat integrity, water discharge rate) components with regards to agricultural intensity. Agriculturally impacted watersheds had multiple insecticide detections, variable habitats, increased nutrient concentrations, and benthic assemblages, indicative of highly impacted streams.
Time series forecasting for rural fixed-wireless communication network monitoring
(University of New Brunswick, 2023-12) Colpitts, Alexander Gordon Bruce; Petersen, Brent R.
LTE and 5G cellular networks are evolving at a rapid pace to accommodate more users and higher traffic. Existing studies have largely focused on urban mobile networks, leaving their rural fixed-wireless counterparts largely ignored. This work investigates the performance of a rural Canadian fixed wireless network on several time scales. Short- and long-term performance properties are considered. It is well known that rural propagation environments behave differently from urban ones. Long-term temporal changes in the propagation environment, such as foliage and snow, were shown to have a small impact on the performance of the network. From a forecasting point of view, it was shown that including environmental features and increasing the time horizon of the forecasts will increase the accuracy of the forecast. In contrast, it was shown that including environmental features did not provide any benefit to short-term forecast accuracy; however, longer input sequence lengths were demonstrated to be beneficial for short-term forecasts. Finally, an unsupervised anomaly detection algorithm, RAINFOREST, is presented which leverages the temporal context obtained from the forecasts alongside density-based clustering analysis to outperform all the baselines tested.
“Improving the transition from pediatric to adult healthcare: Recommendations from young adults with lived experience”
(University of New Brunswick, 2024-02) Cassidy, Monique; Doucet, Shelley; Luke, Alison
Background: With advancements in modern healthcare, an increasing number of youth with complex care needs now survive into adulthood. As healthcare service demands increase for this population, challenges exist for how to best facilitate meeting their high resource needs, particularly as they experience transitions in care. For young adults with childhood-onset chronic conditions (e.g., T1 diabetes, autism, and mental health conditions) and/or complex care needs, the transition from pediatric to adult healthcare is a critical time for both their overall life course and health outcomes. Throughout and following this transition, young adults are vulnerable to deteriorating outcomes, such as a decline in health status. Most studies exploring how to enhance service delivery outcomes focus on perspectives other than the young adults themselves. Seeking input from young adults directly about their experiences with health services is a key step towards improving service delivery. Objective: The aim of this dissertation was to better understand the experiences and service improvement recommendations of young adults with chronic conditions and/or complex care needs who transitioned from pediatric to adult healthcare services. Methods: A scoping review and qualitative descriptive research study were used to explore the recommendations and experiences associated with the transition from pediatric to adult healthcare, from the perspectives of young adults who have experienced this transition. Results: Recommendations identified in the scoping review included: 1) improving continuity of care; 2) facilitating patient-centred care; 3) building strong support networks; and 4) implementing transition education preparedness training. In the qualitative descriptive study, prevailing themes for improving the experience of YAs in transition from pediatric to adult healthcare services included establishing: 1) continuity of care; 2) improved access to supports; 3) transition readiness; and 4) a patient-centred care team. Conclusion: Results from this dissertation will inform research, practice, and policy. The recommendations of young adults with chronic conditions and/or complex care needs present policymakers, healthcare providers, researchers, young adults, and families with practical transition service improvement strategies and actions.
Ecology of emerald ash borer spread in Maritime Canada
(University of New Brunswick, 2023-12) Caouette, Alexandre; Heard, Stephen B.; Pureswaran, Deepa S.
Only a small fraction of introduced species become established and invasive in new habitats, necessitating an increased understanding of the ecology of species establishment. The Allee effect is an ecological phenomenon characterized by a positive correlation between population density and per-capita population growth rate in a population and is important in the establishment success of invasive species. My thesis examines the establishment dynamics of emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) by analyzing establishment characteristics in models using sensitivity analyses and empirically measuring Allee effects early during establishment. We found that the Allee effect threshold, the number of introductions required for establishment, provided the greatest variation in establishment models and that empirical measures of mating success revealed no evidence for strong mate-finding Allee effects. These findings highlight important characteristics in establishment models of invasive species and underscore the importance of understanding emerald ash borer Allee effects to increase risk model accuracy.
The surgical experience: A pilot study of patients’ information needs and their internet use
(University of New Brunswick, 2024-02) Cailes, Naomi; Hodgins, Marilyn
Background. While many Canadians search online for information, it is unclear to what extent those having surgery access the internet to meet their information needs. Purpose. A pilot study was conducted to examine adult surgical patients’ information needs and internet use. Methods. Participant recruitment occurred on four surgical units. Sixty patients completed an online survey following discharge. Findings. Considerable variability was observed in participants’ perceptions of the extent their information needs were met. Participants whose information needs were met to a greater extent tended to be more satisfied with their surgical experience. Participants who searched the internet tended to agree their information needs were met to a greater extent than those who did not. Conclusion. Findings provide preliminary evidence of the reliability and validity of the survey and suggest it may yield useful information to advance our understanding of how the internet might be used to address patients’ information needs.
Utilizing trust to achieve cyber resilient substations
(University of New Brunswick, 2024-02) Boakye-Boateng, Kwasi; Ghorbani, Ali A.; Lashkari, Arash H.
The Smart Grid integrates cyber technology into power grids for automated and efficient management of electricity generation, transmission, and distribution. Key to its operation is the substation, regulating voltage across the system. However, cyberinfrastructure integration has increased the substation’s vulnerability to advanced persistent threats (APTs) like PipeDream that exploit device protocols such as Modbus and Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3). Cyber resilience in substations is crucial because APTs can disrupt operations, necessitating manual interventions for recovery, thus causing downtime. Enhancing cyber resilience helps substations minimize downtime and recover more efficiently in the face of these disruptive events. However, the substation’s constraints pose challenges for implementing cyber resiliency measures such as encryption and intrusion detection. This dissertation proposes a trust-based framework that includes a trust, risk posture, and trust transferability model to enhance the substation’s cyber resiliency. The trust model detects protocol-based attacks on Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Human Machine Interface (HMI) systems. The risk posture model dynamically assesses the substation’s risk posture pre- and post-attack, while the transferability model evaluates the device and its trust’s integration across substations. Practical implementation involves a substation-emulated Docker-based testbed with a multi-agent architecture. Following Security Operations Center (SOC) principles, a real-time dashboard offers updates. Using the MITRE Industrial Control Systems (ICS) Adversarial Tactics, Techniques, and Common Knowledge (ATT&CK) framework, evaluation assesses the trust framework against various attacks. The trust model consistently shows efficient performance, with response latency less than 10 ms, superior to alternatives with a minimum latency of 20 ms. Evaluation under rogue devices, compromised SCADA HMI, and compromised IED scenarios highlights robust detection capabilities, except for baseline replay and delay response attacks. The risk posture model effectively represents substation risk postures, providing insights into attack impacts. The transferability model consistently denies admission to devices with malicious behavior in scenarios like normal replacement, compromised replacement, and trust IED with poor trust scores. Results show the trust framework’s efficacy in evaluating substation resilience, identifying malicious behavior, and endorsing trustworthy devices. Additionally, a dataset comprising the experiments’ captures in the testbed is available to the public1.
Comparisons between fresh- and seawater critical thermal maximum (CTmax), and seawater CTmax and incremental thermal maximum (ITmax), for individual farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
(University of New Brunswick, 2023-12) Bartlett, Charlotte Anne Brown; Benfey, Tillmann; Garber, Amber
Atlantic salmon is an important aquaculture species farmed in ocean net-pens experiencing changing environmental temperatures, creating a need for research on their thermal tolerance. I investigated this by assessing the predictability of an individual’s seawater critical thermal maximum (CTmax) from previous freshwater CTmax (Chapter 2), and of seawater incremental thermal maximum (ITmax) from previous seawater CTmax (Chapter 3), using tagged Atlantic salmon. I measured various physiological metrics (body mass, fork length, condition factor, blood hemoglobin, hematocrit, and absolute and relative ventricle mass) to determine their relationship with thermal tolerance. I found no relationship between an individual’s initial and second thermal tolerance test in either experiment. Although there were significant relationships between some of the health metrics and thermal tolerance, mixed results from my study and the literature suggest that more research is required. Considering the scarcity of ITmax testing in the fish physiology field, further ITmax exploration should be completed.
Parental alienation: Intimate partner violence by proxy
(University of New Brunswick, 2023-12) Ashe, Carly; Gill, Carmen
This thesis examines interviews with nine women to explore how women experience and are impacted by parental alienation as a tactic of coercive control. Thematic analysis using NVIVO-14 software was used to identify recuring themes related to the three research questions that guide this study: how mother-child relationships are impacts by parental alienation; what resources mothers use in help-seeking; and do they experience barriers and obstacles to meaningful support in their help-seeking. Through understanding victims’ experiential perceptions of parental alienation, the key purpose of this study was aimed at better understanding how mothers victimized by parental alienation can be better supported in the future by legal professionals. Greater recognition of the pattern of coercive control, in which parental alienation occurs, was found to be needed by intervening professionals, along with further consideration towards preventative measures and more trauma-informed approaches.
Love at first flight: Mating errors, population genetics, and the slow spread of an invader
(University of New Brunswick, 2023-12) Anderson, Jennifer L; Heard, Stephen B.
This thesis investigates mating interactions and population genetics of the invasive Tetropium fuscum Fabricius (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and its native congener, Tetropium cinnamopterum Kirby (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Nova Scotia, Canada, to help explain the slow spatial spread of T. fuscum in North America. Tetropium fuscum first appeared in North America in about 1990 and has since outcompeted the native T. cinnamopterum in the sympatric zone and spread approximately 150 km from its point of entry but has since halted its spread. Tetropium fuscum and T. cinnamopterum have common host plants, overlapping flight periods and share the same male-produced sex-aggregation pheromone, fuscumol, that attracts both sexes. These species would have ample opportunity to encounter each other in the field due to these similarities suggesting hybridization is a possibility. Our mating behaviour experiments showed males of both species make mating errors under no-choice mating conditions. Under choice mating conditions T. cinnamopterum males show a strong preference for same-species females but T. fuscum is less discriminating. We designed a species discriminating SNP assay with the goal of detecting hybridization to confirm that mating errors also take place in the field. We found low levels of introgression in the sympatric zone as well as the presence of cryptic individuals that morphologically present as T. cinnamopterum while genetically presenting as T. fuscum. We investigated the possibility that female body size rather than species influences mate choice in Tetropium. Tetropium cinnamopterum females are significantly larger than T. fuscum females although body size was not a determining factor in male mate choice for these species. Our findings suggest heterospecific matings between these species happen but may be rare and the resulting offspring may not be as fit as their parents, which could exacerbate Allee effects at the edge range of T. fuscum and reinforce its apparently pinned range border.
A Bloom filter based authentication scheme for vehicular digital twin
(University of New Brunswick, 2024-03) Adeyiga, Olajide; Lu, Rongxing
The rapid growth in the automobile industry and the competitive nature of industry players has necessitated a closer connection between vehicles and their owners. This work will explore indepth the use of a Bloom filter based mutual authentication scheme in a vehicular digital twin system. Currently research into digital twin of vehicles within the IoT space shows that vehicles require a constant means of communication with their digital twin while the digital twin also requires such means of communication with the IoVs and other Digital Twin systems. However, these systems exhibit significant security gaps. The system is currently prone to adversarial attacks like the replay, anonymity, linkability attacks among others. The goal of this research will be the implementation of an authentication scheme that provides secure connection between all entities within a vehicular digital twin network. This scheme will use user credentials and vehicle private features to achieve mutual authentication.
An efficient dynamic key management scheme for IoT devices
(University of New Brunswick, 2023-10) Vikraman Pillai, Vishnu Prasanth; Lu, Rongxing
The Internet of Things or IoT is a collective term for electronic devices with computing and connectivity. Our proposed dynamic key management scheme is designed for secure group communication of IoT devices. It offers efficient key distribution for a small to medium group of devices in domains such as centralized healthcare systems. Our key management scheme ensures forward secrecy, backward secrecy, and key independence in group communication. The scheme uses binary heap trees and bloom filters for efficient storage, organize and verification of secret keys. It uses polynomial coefficients secured with modular arithmetic to distribute the keys. The proposed implementation of the scheme uses lightweight mathematical operations such as XOR, multiplication, string concatenations, and hashing for devices having limited computing capabilities. The thesis is concluded with the performance analysis of the scheme that demonstrates the suitability of the scheme with similar IoT group communication schemes.
Efficient in-memory processing of SQL queries with JIT compilation
(University of New Brunswick, 2023-12) Verma, Saumya; Ray, Suprio
Database systems are vital to the modern world. The conventional approach to SQL query execution is to convert a SQL query into a plan tree of relational algebra operators and then interpret them over each tuple. This method has an advantage when the bottleneck is disk I/O. However, modern advances in hardware have led to faster storage systems and large main memory capacities. With in-memory query processing, the mentioned traditional approach based becomes a performance bottleneck by consuming a significant portion of query execution time. Therefore, the thesis introduces a compilation-based in-memory database system. It leverages the advantages of intermediate representation code generation for scan, filter, group-by, sort-by, aggregation, and join operations of SQL queries with Just-In-Time compilation using the Multi-level Intermediate Representation framework. Evaluation shows that compared with a conventional database system (PostgreSQL) and a high-level language (C++) code generating query processor, our proposed system performs significantly better.
“It’s not that hard to not commit a crime”: Distinguishing individuals who have and who have not acted on pedophilic interests
(University of New Brunswick, 2023-12) Vander Molen, Lauryn; Ronis, Scott T.
Little research has explored why some individuals with sexual interest in children (i.e., pedophilic interest) act on their interests whereas others do not. This dissertation examines factors that distinguish individuals with pedophilic interests who have engaged in pedophilic behaviours (i.e., engaged in child sexual abuse or viewed child sexual exploitation material) from those individuals who have not engaged in such behaviours. English-speaking participants (N = 136) with self-report pedophilic interests from multiple nations (e.g., Canada, United States, United Kingdom) were recruited via social media platforms (i.e., Reddit, Twitter, Facebook) and online pedophilia support groups and forums (e.g., Virtuous Pedophiles, NNAI Space) to complete an online survey regarding sexual interests and behaviours as well as on help-seeking experiences. Multivariate analysis of variance and discriminant function analysis indicated that factors associated historically with sexual offending in general (e.g., criminal history, hypersexuality) best differentiated individuals exclusively with pedophilic interests from individuals with pedophilic behaviours. Further, based on thematic analysis of open-ended responses, three main themes emerged reflecting participants’ (1) general distress; (2) attempts to search for meaning and purpose; and (3) characteristics contributing to offending. Overall, results suggest several avenues for future research, including conducting typographical research with individuals with pedophilic interests who have and have not acted on their interests, directly comparing criminal and community-based samples, and applying non-criminological theories to the study of pedophilic interests. In addition, qualitative findings highlight the need for mental health clinicians to increase their comfort and knowledge relating to mandatory reporting, risk of offending, and the significant mental health needs of men and women with pedophilic interests. This shift will improve well-being and access to mental health services among a highly marginalized group and may reduce incidents of sexual abuse.

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